BIOD 121 Portage Module 2 Exam Questions
and Answers Grade A+
Protein digestion - ✅✅ 1. Cooking
2. Pepsin (in stomach)
3. Cholecystokinin -CCK (small intestine) - travels to
pancreas, releases trypsin back to SI
4. Trypsin - breaks peptide chains
5. Amino acids absorbed through portal vein to liver
Digestion - ✅✅ transforming food into basic nutrients that can be absorbed and
used by the body
Sensory stimuli before digestion - ✅✅ cognition
Sound
Odor
Appearance
Taste
Peristalsis - ✅✅ Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving
along in one direction through the digestive system.
Digestive enzymes - ✅✅ catalyze the chemical reactions required to break
down food particles into smaller parts, which prepares the nutrients for
absorption
Mucosa - ✅✅ intestinal wall, innermost layer
Circular and longitudinal muscles - ✅✅ mix and move food along the GI tract
Passive diffusion - ✅✅ substances move without energy
High to low concentration
Facilitated diffusion - ✅✅ special protein carrier is required to help substances
cross in or out of the cell
High to low concentration
Active transport - ✅✅ requires energy
Low to high concentration
, GI tract 6 main parts - ✅✅ 1 - mouth
2 - esophagus
3 - stomach
4 - small intestine
5 - large intestine
6 - rectum
GI tract accessory organs - ✅✅ salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Mouth - ✅✅ alter food particles for swallowing
Mechanical and chemical digestion
Saliva - ✅✅ mucus plus digestive enzymes
Mucus - ✅✅ lubricates food particles for swallowing
Salivary amylase - ✅✅ Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch
Lingual lipase - ✅✅ a fat-splitting enzyme secreted by cells at the base of the
tongue
Esophagus - ✅✅ transports food to the stomach
Epiglottis - ✅✅ a flap of cartilage that covers the trachea while swallowing
Sphincter muscle - ✅✅ circular muscle at the end of esophagus, prevents
backflow of food
Stomach - ✅✅ 4 cup capacity
Holds food 2-4 hrs until ready to pass into the small intestine
Store, mix, dissolve, and continue the digestion of food
Gastric juice - ✅✅ The acidic secretion of the stomach
Prepares proteins for digestion and activates enzymes
Pepsin - ✅✅ An enzyme present in gastric juice that breaks down proteins
Gastric lipase - ✅✅ enzyme to digest fat
Chyme - ✅✅ Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes
and acids in the stomach
Moves to small intestine over 1-4 hrs
Gastrin - ✅✅ hormone secreted in the stomach
and Answers Grade A+
Protein digestion - ✅✅ 1. Cooking
2. Pepsin (in stomach)
3. Cholecystokinin -CCK (small intestine) - travels to
pancreas, releases trypsin back to SI
4. Trypsin - breaks peptide chains
5. Amino acids absorbed through portal vein to liver
Digestion - ✅✅ transforming food into basic nutrients that can be absorbed and
used by the body
Sensory stimuli before digestion - ✅✅ cognition
Sound
Odor
Appearance
Taste
Peristalsis - ✅✅ Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving
along in one direction through the digestive system.
Digestive enzymes - ✅✅ catalyze the chemical reactions required to break
down food particles into smaller parts, which prepares the nutrients for
absorption
Mucosa - ✅✅ intestinal wall, innermost layer
Circular and longitudinal muscles - ✅✅ mix and move food along the GI tract
Passive diffusion - ✅✅ substances move without energy
High to low concentration
Facilitated diffusion - ✅✅ special protein carrier is required to help substances
cross in or out of the cell
High to low concentration
Active transport - ✅✅ requires energy
Low to high concentration
, GI tract 6 main parts - ✅✅ 1 - mouth
2 - esophagus
3 - stomach
4 - small intestine
5 - large intestine
6 - rectum
GI tract accessory organs - ✅✅ salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Mouth - ✅✅ alter food particles for swallowing
Mechanical and chemical digestion
Saliva - ✅✅ mucus plus digestive enzymes
Mucus - ✅✅ lubricates food particles for swallowing
Salivary amylase - ✅✅ Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch
Lingual lipase - ✅✅ a fat-splitting enzyme secreted by cells at the base of the
tongue
Esophagus - ✅✅ transports food to the stomach
Epiglottis - ✅✅ a flap of cartilage that covers the trachea while swallowing
Sphincter muscle - ✅✅ circular muscle at the end of esophagus, prevents
backflow of food
Stomach - ✅✅ 4 cup capacity
Holds food 2-4 hrs until ready to pass into the small intestine
Store, mix, dissolve, and continue the digestion of food
Gastric juice - ✅✅ The acidic secretion of the stomach
Prepares proteins for digestion and activates enzymes
Pepsin - ✅✅ An enzyme present in gastric juice that breaks down proteins
Gastric lipase - ✅✅ enzyme to digest fat
Chyme - ✅✅ Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes
and acids in the stomach
Moves to small intestine over 1-4 hrs
Gastrin - ✅✅ hormone secreted in the stomach
