NGN FUNDAMENTALS 2019 FORM A /2019 RN FUNDAMENTALS NGN
FORM A EACH FORMCONTAINS 60 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS AND RATIONALES
• A nurse is performing a skin assessment for a client who expresses concern about
skin cancer. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a
potentialindication of a skin malignancy?
• A lesion with uniform pigmentation
Variations in pigmentation are a possible indication of a skin malignancy. A
lesionwith uniform pigmentation is not an expected indication of a skin
malignancy.
• New appearance of petechiae
Petechiae are capillaries that have burst under the skin and appear as small spots on
the skin. Although they can be indications of other conditions, petechiae are not an
expected indication of a skin malignancy.
• A mole with asymmetrical appearance
An uneven or asymmetrical shape is a potential indication of a skin malignancy.
This is manifested when part of a lesion or mole looks different from the other part
• The presence of a papule
Papules are solid elevations that are palpable in the skin and are less than 1 cm
(0.39in) in size. They are not an expected indication of a skin malignancy.
• A nurse is assessing a client who reports pain following physical therapy. Which
of the following questions should the nurse as when assessing the quality of the
client’spain?
• “Is your pain constant or intermittent?”
Asking the client whether the pain is constant or intermittent determines the onset,
duration, and pattern of the pain.
• “What would you rate your pain on a scale of 0 to 10?”
Asking the client to rate the pain using the pain scale determines the intensity of the
pain.
, • “Does the pain radiate?”
Asking the client whether the pain radiates determines the pain’s location.
• “Is your pain sharp or dull?”
Asking the client whether the pain is sharp or dull, crushing, throbbing, aching,
burning, electric- like, or shooting helps determine the quality of the pain.
• A nurse is admitting a new client. Which of the following actions should the
nursetake while performing medication reconciliation?
• Verify the client’s name on their identification bracelet with the
medicationadministration record.
The nurse should verify the client’s name on their identification bracelet when
administering medication; however, this action is not a part of performing
medicationreconciliation.
• Call the pharmacy to determine whether the client’s medications are
available. The nurse should call the pharmacy if the client’s medications are not
available to administer at the appropriate time; however this action is not a part
of performing medication reconciliation
• Compare the client’s home medications with the provider’s
prescriptions. The nurse should compare the client’s home medications with
the provider’s prescriptions when performing medication reconciliation.
• Place the client’s home medication bottles in a secure location.
The nurse should place the client's home medications in a secure location to ensure
safe handling of prescribed medications; however, this action is not a part of
performing medication reconciliation.
• A nurse is auscultating the anterior chest of a client who was admitted to a
medical-surgical unit. Listen to the audio clip of what the nurse auscultates
through the stethoscope and identify the type of breath sounds. (Click on the
audio button to listen to the clip.)
• Crackles
, Unlike these breath sounds, crackles (also called rales) are discontinuous
sounds heard primarily during inhalation and resulting from air bubbling
through fluid ormucus in the airways.
• Rhonchi
Rhonchi are dry, low-pitched, snore-like noises produced in the throat or
bronchialtube due to a partial obstruction, such as by secretions.
• Friction rub
Friction rub is a scratching sound that persists throughout the respiratory cycle.
• Normal breath sounds
These are normal bronchovesicular breath sounds, characteristically of
moderateintensity and sounding like blowing as air moves through the larger
airways on inspiration and expiration.
• A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin subcutaneously to a client. Which
ofthe following actions should the nurse take?
• Administer the medication with the needle at 45o angle.
The nurse should insert the needle at 45o to 90omangle for a subcutaneous injection.
• Administer the medication into the client’s nondominant arm.
The nurse should administer enoxaparin into the abdomen, at least 5cm (2
inches) from the umbilicus.
• Pull the client’s skin laterally or downward prior to administration.
The Z-track technique involves displacing the skin laterally or downward prior
to administration of an IM injection.
• Massage the injection site after the administration.
The nurse should not massage the injection following the injection of
ananticoagulant due to the risk for bruising.
• A nurse is using an open irrigation technique to irrigate a client’s indwelling
urinarycatheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
• Place the client in a side-lying position.
• Instill 15 mL of irrigation fluid into the catheter with each flush.
, • Subtract the amount of irrigant used from the client’s urine output.
• Perform the irrigation using a 20-mL syringe.
• A nurse is preparing to apply a dressing for a client who has stage 2 pressure
injury. Which of the following types of dressing should the nurse use?
• Alginate
Alginate dressings are used to treat stage 3 and 4 pressure injuries to absorb
drainage. Alginate forms a soft gel when it comes in contact with drainage.
• Gauze
Moistened gauze promotes healing in stage 4 or unstageable injuries by causing
debridement and allowing granulation of the wound bed.
• Transparent
Transparent dressings promote healing in stage 1 pressure injuries by
preventing further friction and sharing.
• Hydrocolloid
Hydrocolloid dressings promote healing in stage 2 pressure injuries by
creating a moist wound bed.
• A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client about self-administering
heparin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the
teaching?
• Insert the needle at a 15o angle
The nurse should instruct the client to insert the needle at a 45o to 90o angle
to administer into the subcutaneous tissue.
• Aspirate for blood return prior to administration
The nurse should instruct the client not to aspirate for blood return because this
cancause tissue damage and bruising.
• Administer the medication into the abdomen
The nurse should instruct the client to administer the medication into the abdomen
at least 5.08cm (2 in) from the umbilicus. The client should pinch or spread the skin
at the injection site to administer the medication into the subcutaneous tissue.
• Massage the site following the injection
FORM A EACH FORMCONTAINS 60 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS AND RATIONALES
• A nurse is performing a skin assessment for a client who expresses concern about
skin cancer. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a
potentialindication of a skin malignancy?
• A lesion with uniform pigmentation
Variations in pigmentation are a possible indication of a skin malignancy. A
lesionwith uniform pigmentation is not an expected indication of a skin
malignancy.
• New appearance of petechiae
Petechiae are capillaries that have burst under the skin and appear as small spots on
the skin. Although they can be indications of other conditions, petechiae are not an
expected indication of a skin malignancy.
• A mole with asymmetrical appearance
An uneven or asymmetrical shape is a potential indication of a skin malignancy.
This is manifested when part of a lesion or mole looks different from the other part
• The presence of a papule
Papules are solid elevations that are palpable in the skin and are less than 1 cm
(0.39in) in size. They are not an expected indication of a skin malignancy.
• A nurse is assessing a client who reports pain following physical therapy. Which
of the following questions should the nurse as when assessing the quality of the
client’spain?
• “Is your pain constant or intermittent?”
Asking the client whether the pain is constant or intermittent determines the onset,
duration, and pattern of the pain.
• “What would you rate your pain on a scale of 0 to 10?”
Asking the client to rate the pain using the pain scale determines the intensity of the
pain.
, • “Does the pain radiate?”
Asking the client whether the pain radiates determines the pain’s location.
• “Is your pain sharp or dull?”
Asking the client whether the pain is sharp or dull, crushing, throbbing, aching,
burning, electric- like, or shooting helps determine the quality of the pain.
• A nurse is admitting a new client. Which of the following actions should the
nursetake while performing medication reconciliation?
• Verify the client’s name on their identification bracelet with the
medicationadministration record.
The nurse should verify the client’s name on their identification bracelet when
administering medication; however, this action is not a part of performing
medicationreconciliation.
• Call the pharmacy to determine whether the client’s medications are
available. The nurse should call the pharmacy if the client’s medications are not
available to administer at the appropriate time; however this action is not a part
of performing medication reconciliation
• Compare the client’s home medications with the provider’s
prescriptions. The nurse should compare the client’s home medications with
the provider’s prescriptions when performing medication reconciliation.
• Place the client’s home medication bottles in a secure location.
The nurse should place the client's home medications in a secure location to ensure
safe handling of prescribed medications; however, this action is not a part of
performing medication reconciliation.
• A nurse is auscultating the anterior chest of a client who was admitted to a
medical-surgical unit. Listen to the audio clip of what the nurse auscultates
through the stethoscope and identify the type of breath sounds. (Click on the
audio button to listen to the clip.)
• Crackles
, Unlike these breath sounds, crackles (also called rales) are discontinuous
sounds heard primarily during inhalation and resulting from air bubbling
through fluid ormucus in the airways.
• Rhonchi
Rhonchi are dry, low-pitched, snore-like noises produced in the throat or
bronchialtube due to a partial obstruction, such as by secretions.
• Friction rub
Friction rub is a scratching sound that persists throughout the respiratory cycle.
• Normal breath sounds
These are normal bronchovesicular breath sounds, characteristically of
moderateintensity and sounding like blowing as air moves through the larger
airways on inspiration and expiration.
• A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin subcutaneously to a client. Which
ofthe following actions should the nurse take?
• Administer the medication with the needle at 45o angle.
The nurse should insert the needle at 45o to 90omangle for a subcutaneous injection.
• Administer the medication into the client’s nondominant arm.
The nurse should administer enoxaparin into the abdomen, at least 5cm (2
inches) from the umbilicus.
• Pull the client’s skin laterally or downward prior to administration.
The Z-track technique involves displacing the skin laterally or downward prior
to administration of an IM injection.
• Massage the injection site after the administration.
The nurse should not massage the injection following the injection of
ananticoagulant due to the risk for bruising.
• A nurse is using an open irrigation technique to irrigate a client’s indwelling
urinarycatheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
• Place the client in a side-lying position.
• Instill 15 mL of irrigation fluid into the catheter with each flush.
, • Subtract the amount of irrigant used from the client’s urine output.
• Perform the irrigation using a 20-mL syringe.
• A nurse is preparing to apply a dressing for a client who has stage 2 pressure
injury. Which of the following types of dressing should the nurse use?
• Alginate
Alginate dressings are used to treat stage 3 and 4 pressure injuries to absorb
drainage. Alginate forms a soft gel when it comes in contact with drainage.
• Gauze
Moistened gauze promotes healing in stage 4 or unstageable injuries by causing
debridement and allowing granulation of the wound bed.
• Transparent
Transparent dressings promote healing in stage 1 pressure injuries by
preventing further friction and sharing.
• Hydrocolloid
Hydrocolloid dressings promote healing in stage 2 pressure injuries by
creating a moist wound bed.
• A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client about self-administering
heparin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the
teaching?
• Insert the needle at a 15o angle
The nurse should instruct the client to insert the needle at a 45o to 90o angle
to administer into the subcutaneous tissue.
• Aspirate for blood return prior to administration
The nurse should instruct the client not to aspirate for blood return because this
cancause tissue damage and bruising.
• Administer the medication into the abdomen
The nurse should instruct the client to administer the medication into the abdomen
at least 5.08cm (2 in) from the umbilicus. The client should pinch or spread the skin
at the injection site to administer the medication into the subcutaneous tissue.
• Massage the site following the injection
