MH 701 Psychopharmacology Final Exam Questions and Answers Best rated A+ Guaranteed Success Latest Update

Bradykinesia - slow movement Akathisia - restlessness & urge to move the limbs Dystonia - muscle spasms of the tongue, face, eyes, neck, and back Oculogyric crisis - fixation of the eyeballs in an upward position due to extraocular muscle spasm Extrapyramidal symptoms - Dystonia, Akathisia, & Parkinsonism How is the amygdala involved in production of anxiety or threatening situations - The amygdala attaches emotional significance to information and mediates both defensive and aggressive behavior. Neurotransmitters associated with depression - serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine Key neurotransmitter associated with anxiety - GABA Neurotransmitters associated with antipsychotic medications - Dopamine Serotonin - Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal Also obsessions & compulsions (OCD) Norepinephrine - A neurotransmitter involved in arousal or ALERTNESS, as well as in learning and mood regulationDopamine - A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention, motivation, and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system. MDD treatment - Best is combination of psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment Tertiary TCA's - imipramine, amitriptyline, and clomipramine (OCD) Non-selective TCA's - Tertiary TCA's amitriptyline imipramine clomipramine that inhibit SEROTONIN and NOREPINEPHRINE. TCA's with most anti-cholinergic side effects - Tertiary TCA's amitriptyline imipramine clomipramine TCA's with greatest fall risk and sedation - Tertiary TCA's amitriptyline imipramine clomipramine Have more orthostatic hypotension and more anti-cholinergic side effects Selective TCA's - Desipramine Nortriptyline Inhibits ONLY NOREPINEPHRINE transporters Safest TCA's for the eldery - Secondary TCA's (selective TCA's) DesipramineNortriptyline MOA of TCA's - Prevents reuptake of serotonin and/or norepinephrine at the synaptic cleft Typical Antipyschotics - block Dopamine D2 receptors in both pathways (mesocortical and mesolimbic) reducing positive symptoms but worsening negative symptoms. Haloperidol - Typical antipsychotic (FGA) Fluphenazine - Typical antipsychotic (FGA) FGA - First generation antipsychotic aka "typical"