Chapter 25: The Urinary System A&P Updated
Answers
Where in the nephron does most solute reabsorption occur?
A) collecting duct
B) glomerulus
C) proximal convoluted tubule
D) distal convoluted tubule
C) proximal convoluted tubule
Approximately 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to the
reabsorption of __________.
A) sodium
B) potassium
C) glucose
D) water
A) sodium
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
A) a system that regulates the rate of filtrate formation and systemic blood
pressure
B) a system for concentrating urine
C) a system for diluting urine
D) a system that protects the nephron from some chemicals found in blood
A) a system that regulates the rate of filtrate formation and systemic blood pressure
Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate?
A) nitrogenous waste particles, such as urea
B) water and small solutes
C) blood cells and large particles
D) ions, such as sodium and potassium
C) blood cells and large particles
Which hormone(s) is/are required for facultative water reabsorption in the
collecting ducts?
A) renin
B) aldosterone
C) both ADH and aldosterone
D) ADH
D) ADH
A nonfasting urine sample from an individual who has previously ingested
donuts and a soft drink showed the presence of sugar (glucose). Which of the
following statement explains the presence of the glucose in the urine?
A) Some glucose is always present in the urine.
B) The individual has diabetes mellitus.
C) The individual is glucose intolerant.
D) The individual exceeded the transport maximum.
D) The individual exceeded the transport maximum.
,Which part of the brain controls the micturition reflex?
A) medulla oblongata
B) cerebrum
C) pons D) hypothalamus
C) pons
The __________ keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed from
the bladder and prevents leaking between voiding.
A) internal urethral sphincter
B) prostatic urethra
C) external urethral orifice
D) external urethral sphincter
A) internal urethral sphincter
Since most patients with renal failure produce little or no urine, hemodialysis
often involves removal of water from the blood. However, side-effects may
develop if too much fluid is removed from the blood. Which of the following is
NOT one of the potential side-effects?
A) dizziness
B) vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
C) low blood pressure
D) muscle fatigue
B) vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
The frequency of cystitis in men is lower than in women because ______.
A) the external urethral sphincter in men is usually closed
B) the internal urethral sphincter in men is usually closed
C) the pH of a man's urine is usually more acidic than a woman's urine
D) the male urethra is longer than the female urethra
D) the male urethra is longer than the female urethra
Urinary incontinence may occur if a person has ______.
A) an internal urethral sphincter that is too frequently relaxed
B) an external urethral sphincter that is too frequently contracted
C) an overactive detrusor muscle
D) All of the listed responses are correct.
C) an overactive detrusor muscle
Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition
(voiding)?
A) the stretching of the bladder wall
B) motor neurons
C) the sympathetic efferents
D) the pressure of the fluid in the bladder
A) the stretching of the bladder wall
Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or
older)?
A) Only obese and diabetic older adults have any kidney dysfunction.
B) Kidney function remains the same throughout life, regardless of age.
C) Only about 3% of older adults have any loss of kidney function.
D) Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.
, D) Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.
Select the correct statement about urinary system development.
A) The metanephric ducts will become the urethras.
B) The mesonephros will develop into the kidneys.
C) Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.
D) The pronephros (first tubule system) develops during the tenth week of
gestation.
C) Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
A) producing the hormones melanin and oxytocin
B) maintaining the proper balance between water and salts and between acids
and bases
C) metabolizing vitamin D to its active form D) gluconeogenesis during prolonged
fasting
A) producing the hormones melanin and oxytocin
Hydronephrosis may be caused by all EXCEPT which of the following?
A) renal ptosis
B) kidney stones lodged in a ureter
C) renal failure
D) tumor in a ureter
C) renal failure
Which of the following is the most likely to cause pyelonephritis?
A) increased blood flow to the kidneys
B) decreased blood flow to the kidneys
C) renal failure
D) infection of the urinary bladder
D) infection of the urinary bladder
Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?
A) a fenestrated capillary
B) a vasa recta
C) an efferent arteriole
D) a podocyte
B) a vasa recta
The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the
kidney.
A) arcuate
B) interlobar
C) cortical radiate
D) lobar
A) arcuate
The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________.
A) has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems
B) is impermeable to most substances
C) has a basement membrane
D) is drained by an efferent arteriole
D) is drained by an efferent arteriole
Answers
Where in the nephron does most solute reabsorption occur?
A) collecting duct
B) glomerulus
C) proximal convoluted tubule
D) distal convoluted tubule
C) proximal convoluted tubule
Approximately 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to the
reabsorption of __________.
A) sodium
B) potassium
C) glucose
D) water
A) sodium
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
A) a system that regulates the rate of filtrate formation and systemic blood
pressure
B) a system for concentrating urine
C) a system for diluting urine
D) a system that protects the nephron from some chemicals found in blood
A) a system that regulates the rate of filtrate formation and systemic blood pressure
Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate?
A) nitrogenous waste particles, such as urea
B) water and small solutes
C) blood cells and large particles
D) ions, such as sodium and potassium
C) blood cells and large particles
Which hormone(s) is/are required for facultative water reabsorption in the
collecting ducts?
A) renin
B) aldosterone
C) both ADH and aldosterone
D) ADH
D) ADH
A nonfasting urine sample from an individual who has previously ingested
donuts and a soft drink showed the presence of sugar (glucose). Which of the
following statement explains the presence of the glucose in the urine?
A) Some glucose is always present in the urine.
B) The individual has diabetes mellitus.
C) The individual is glucose intolerant.
D) The individual exceeded the transport maximum.
D) The individual exceeded the transport maximum.
,Which part of the brain controls the micturition reflex?
A) medulla oblongata
B) cerebrum
C) pons D) hypothalamus
C) pons
The __________ keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed from
the bladder and prevents leaking between voiding.
A) internal urethral sphincter
B) prostatic urethra
C) external urethral orifice
D) external urethral sphincter
A) internal urethral sphincter
Since most patients with renal failure produce little or no urine, hemodialysis
often involves removal of water from the blood. However, side-effects may
develop if too much fluid is removed from the blood. Which of the following is
NOT one of the potential side-effects?
A) dizziness
B) vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
C) low blood pressure
D) muscle fatigue
B) vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
The frequency of cystitis in men is lower than in women because ______.
A) the external urethral sphincter in men is usually closed
B) the internal urethral sphincter in men is usually closed
C) the pH of a man's urine is usually more acidic than a woman's urine
D) the male urethra is longer than the female urethra
D) the male urethra is longer than the female urethra
Urinary incontinence may occur if a person has ______.
A) an internal urethral sphincter that is too frequently relaxed
B) an external urethral sphincter that is too frequently contracted
C) an overactive detrusor muscle
D) All of the listed responses are correct.
C) an overactive detrusor muscle
Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition
(voiding)?
A) the stretching of the bladder wall
B) motor neurons
C) the sympathetic efferents
D) the pressure of the fluid in the bladder
A) the stretching of the bladder wall
Which of the following best describes kidney function in older adults (70 years or
older)?
A) Only obese and diabetic older adults have any kidney dysfunction.
B) Kidney function remains the same throughout life, regardless of age.
C) Only about 3% of older adults have any loss of kidney function.
D) Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.
, D) Kidney function decreases due to kidney atrophy.
Select the correct statement about urinary system development.
A) The metanephric ducts will become the urethras.
B) The mesonephros will develop into the kidneys.
C) Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.
D) The pronephros (first tubule system) develops during the tenth week of
gestation.
C) Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
A) producing the hormones melanin and oxytocin
B) maintaining the proper balance between water and salts and between acids
and bases
C) metabolizing vitamin D to its active form D) gluconeogenesis during prolonged
fasting
A) producing the hormones melanin and oxytocin
Hydronephrosis may be caused by all EXCEPT which of the following?
A) renal ptosis
B) kidney stones lodged in a ureter
C) renal failure
D) tumor in a ureter
C) renal failure
Which of the following is the most likely to cause pyelonephritis?
A) increased blood flow to the kidneys
B) decreased blood flow to the kidneys
C) renal failure
D) infection of the urinary bladder
D) infection of the urinary bladder
Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?
A) a fenestrated capillary
B) a vasa recta
C) an efferent arteriole
D) a podocyte
B) a vasa recta
The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the
kidney.
A) arcuate
B) interlobar
C) cortical radiate
D) lobar
A) arcuate
The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it ________.
A) has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems
B) is impermeable to most substances
C) has a basement membrane
D) is drained by an efferent arteriole
D) is drained by an efferent arteriole
