Biology (HOAE Prep) Questions And Answers 100%
% Correct
Prokaryotic Cells
cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
viruses
tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other pathogens, which must invade living cells
in order to reproduce; when they invade, the cells are damaged or destroyed in the
process releasing new particles to infect other cells
The Plasma Membrane
The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby
regulating the cell's chemical composition.
The Phospholipid Bilayer
A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes.
The head "loves" water
(hydrophilic) and the tails "hate" water (hydrophobic)
Passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the
cell
active transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids
in movement
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
, Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the
production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
rough = ribosomes / smooth = none
Ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Vesicles and Vacuoles
membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport (ve smaller)
Lysosomes
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down dead cells and foreign material
in the cell
Peroxisomes
use oxygen to break down poisons
Centrioles
Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only
Cell Wall
A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the plant cell
Central Vacuole
in a mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage,
and sequestration of toxic substances
Plastids
A group of membrane‐bound organelles commonly found in photosynthetic organisms
and mainly responsible for the synthesis and storage of food, contain own DNA
Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food
Heterotroph
organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer
% Correct
Prokaryotic Cells
cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
viruses
tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other pathogens, which must invade living cells
in order to reproduce; when they invade, the cells are damaged or destroyed in the
process releasing new particles to infect other cells
The Plasma Membrane
The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby
regulating the cell's chemical composition.
The Phospholipid Bilayer
A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes.
The head "loves" water
(hydrophilic) and the tails "hate" water (hydrophobic)
Passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the
cell
active transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids
in movement
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
, Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the
production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
rough = ribosomes / smooth = none
Ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
Golgi Apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Vesicles and Vacuoles
membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport (ve smaller)
Lysosomes
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down dead cells and foreign material
in the cell
Peroxisomes
use oxygen to break down poisons
Centrioles
Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only
Cell Wall
A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the plant cell
Central Vacuole
in a mature plant cell, a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth, storage,
and sequestration of toxic substances
Plastids
A group of membrane‐bound organelles commonly found in photosynthetic organisms
and mainly responsible for the synthesis and storage of food, contain own DNA
Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food
Heterotroph
organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer
