PAC final exam Lyons Cedarville Questions
And Answers 2023
Democracy in America - Tocqueville
- French man writing about American government through a foreign lens
- says people are the fundamental power in the US
- people tend to love equality more than freedom
- religion is essential to the health of a democratic regime
Christ and Culture - Niebuhr
- major question: how do we be in the world and not of it?
1. opposition between Christ and culture
2. fundamental agreement between Christ and culture
3. Christ is the fulfillment of culture, but not the product of culture because He is above
us
4. authority of both Christ and culture, but acceptance of the opposition between the two
5. "conversions solution;" human nature is fallen and perverted which appears in and is
transmitted by culture, but Christ is the convertor of man in his culture/society
The Courage to be Protestant - Wells
-analysis of how evangelical theology interacts with contemporary culture
-describes and defends historic, orthodox Protestantism
-argues that Postmoderns have turned from the "fixed and universal" to the "private and
subjective"
Amusing Ourselves to Death - Postman
MAJOR POINTS
- medium of conversation drives content of conversation
- as medium changes, culture changes
- impact of TV in all phases of culture means that what we know isn't necessarily related
to decision-making in daily life
- what we know is disjointed and incomplete, what we are left with is amusement not
rational thought or argument
Other points:
- clocks have made us time-keepers, time-savers, time-servers
- language is media, to media is metaphor, metaphor creates the content of culture
- information derives its importance from the possibility of action
- oral to alphabet writing to printing press to electronic revolution (tv)
-television's main contribution to education is the idea that teaching and entertainment
are inseparable***
- Orwell = culture becomes prison (big brother is watching)
- Huxley = culture becomes burlesque (we watch big brother by choice, but he chooses
not to watch us)
Constitutional Government in the United States - Wilson
- views state as agent for improving human welfare
- believes checks and balances are too restrictive
, -rejects "mechanical theory"
- believes government is a living thing
- believes presidency has evolved beyond restrictions placed upon it by the framers
State of the Union Message to Congress - Roosevelt
- New Deal = expansion in size and role of government, necessary to save U.S. from
repercussions of the depression
- major focus: positive (to be subjected to) vs. negative rights (not to be subjected to)
- true individual freedom cannot exist without economic security
- second bill of rights (positive rights)
Declaration of Sentiments - Stanton
- 1st wave feminist movement
-drafted with clear references to the American founding's Declaration of Independence
and William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England
- asserts natural equality of genders and conventional tyranny of men over women in
legal and political realms
- represents a feminist call for gender equality in political, religious, and economic
spheres
The National Organization for Women's 1966 Statement of Purpose - Friedan
- 2nd wave feminist movement
- represents a shift in the American feminist movement from focusing on legal and
political rights to concerns regarding sexuality and equality of outcome
- focused on issues of campus sexual assault, birth control. provided in healthcare,
narrowing the wage gap, etc.
A Time for Choosing - Reagan
- outlines core tenants of his conservative ideology
- appeal to the ideals of popular sovereignty and limited government established by the
Founders
-dangers of expansive centralized government to individualism
-benefits of free and. competitive economic market and supply-side economics
-need for strong U.S. leadership over international affairs
Ten Conservative Principles - Kirk
1. enduring moral order (human nature is constant and fixed, moral realities do not
change with time)
2. custom (live together peacefully), convention (avoid dispute), continuity (links
generations)
3. prescription/standing on the shoulders of giants (respect for past)
4. prudence (pursuit of good in light of the particular)
5. variety (healthy diversity, do NOT value equality about liberty)
6. imperfectability of human nature.
7. freedom and property are linked
8. uphold voluntary community
9. restraints on power and passions (balance)
10. permanence and change must be recognized and reconciled
For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto - Rothbard
- oppose aggression against property rights of the individual
- view the state as the supreme, eternal, best organized aggressor against persons and
And Answers 2023
Democracy in America - Tocqueville
- French man writing about American government through a foreign lens
- says people are the fundamental power in the US
- people tend to love equality more than freedom
- religion is essential to the health of a democratic regime
Christ and Culture - Niebuhr
- major question: how do we be in the world and not of it?
1. opposition between Christ and culture
2. fundamental agreement between Christ and culture
3. Christ is the fulfillment of culture, but not the product of culture because He is above
us
4. authority of both Christ and culture, but acceptance of the opposition between the two
5. "conversions solution;" human nature is fallen and perverted which appears in and is
transmitted by culture, but Christ is the convertor of man in his culture/society
The Courage to be Protestant - Wells
-analysis of how evangelical theology interacts with contemporary culture
-describes and defends historic, orthodox Protestantism
-argues that Postmoderns have turned from the "fixed and universal" to the "private and
subjective"
Amusing Ourselves to Death - Postman
MAJOR POINTS
- medium of conversation drives content of conversation
- as medium changes, culture changes
- impact of TV in all phases of culture means that what we know isn't necessarily related
to decision-making in daily life
- what we know is disjointed and incomplete, what we are left with is amusement not
rational thought or argument
Other points:
- clocks have made us time-keepers, time-savers, time-servers
- language is media, to media is metaphor, metaphor creates the content of culture
- information derives its importance from the possibility of action
- oral to alphabet writing to printing press to electronic revolution (tv)
-television's main contribution to education is the idea that teaching and entertainment
are inseparable***
- Orwell = culture becomes prison (big brother is watching)
- Huxley = culture becomes burlesque (we watch big brother by choice, but he chooses
not to watch us)
Constitutional Government in the United States - Wilson
- views state as agent for improving human welfare
- believes checks and balances are too restrictive
, -rejects "mechanical theory"
- believes government is a living thing
- believes presidency has evolved beyond restrictions placed upon it by the framers
State of the Union Message to Congress - Roosevelt
- New Deal = expansion in size and role of government, necessary to save U.S. from
repercussions of the depression
- major focus: positive (to be subjected to) vs. negative rights (not to be subjected to)
- true individual freedom cannot exist without economic security
- second bill of rights (positive rights)
Declaration of Sentiments - Stanton
- 1st wave feminist movement
-drafted with clear references to the American founding's Declaration of Independence
and William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England
- asserts natural equality of genders and conventional tyranny of men over women in
legal and political realms
- represents a feminist call for gender equality in political, religious, and economic
spheres
The National Organization for Women's 1966 Statement of Purpose - Friedan
- 2nd wave feminist movement
- represents a shift in the American feminist movement from focusing on legal and
political rights to concerns regarding sexuality and equality of outcome
- focused on issues of campus sexual assault, birth control. provided in healthcare,
narrowing the wage gap, etc.
A Time for Choosing - Reagan
- outlines core tenants of his conservative ideology
- appeal to the ideals of popular sovereignty and limited government established by the
Founders
-dangers of expansive centralized government to individualism
-benefits of free and. competitive economic market and supply-side economics
-need for strong U.S. leadership over international affairs
Ten Conservative Principles - Kirk
1. enduring moral order (human nature is constant and fixed, moral realities do not
change with time)
2. custom (live together peacefully), convention (avoid dispute), continuity (links
generations)
3. prescription/standing on the shoulders of giants (respect for past)
4. prudence (pursuit of good in light of the particular)
5. variety (healthy diversity, do NOT value equality about liberty)
6. imperfectability of human nature.
7. freedom and property are linked
8. uphold voluntary community
9. restraints on power and passions (balance)
10. permanence and change must be recognized and reconciled
For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto - Rothbard
- oppose aggression against property rights of the individual
- view the state as the supreme, eternal, best organized aggressor against persons and
