Final Exam Seidel Physical Assessment 100%
Correctly Answered Latest 2024
AV nicking is key in the world of hypertension. These are the only capillaries you
can see in the body. Nicking is a classic sign of vessel disease. ** looks like vein
stops on either side of the artery.
AV Nicking
Small, odd shaped, yellow colored plaques are lipid deposits and indicate lipid
metabolism problem.
Xanthelasma
lower lid turned away from eye
Ectropion
lid turned inward
Entropion
drooping/sagging upper eyelid. Over the globe of the eye caused by problem in
cranial nerve 3.
Ptosis:
crusting along eyelashes
Blepharitis:
infected
Acute purulent conjunctive:
abnormal growth of conjunctiva that extends over the cornea from the limbus.
Overexposure to ultraviolet rays
Pterygium:
lipids deposited in the periphery of the cornea
Arcus senilis:
those lipids in a complete circle
Cornal arcus senilis:
,bright red blood in a sharply defined area. Sometimes present PG and labor
resolve on own.
Subconjuctival hemorrhage
red, cobblestone caused by allergic reaction
Erythema
small discrete spots that are slightly more yellow than the retina. With time they
enlarge, aging but can be precursor for senile macular degeneration. If they are
increasing in number and color intensity use an Amsler grid to eval central
vision.
Drusen bodies
glaucoma
Cupping of optic disc
hypertension. Infarcts of retina
cotton wool spots
diabetes
cotton wool spots and hemorrhage
cataracts- risk factors
family hx, steroid med use, UV light, smoking cigs, DM, aging.
Opacities blocking red reflex
like a curtain or shadow has come down on part of my visual field.
partial retinal detachment
Pupils equal reactive to light not the same size
anisocoria
Flame- nerve layer fibers blood spreads parallel to fibers
Round- in deeper layers darker color
Dot- microaneurysm- diabetic retinopathy
At disc margin- poorly controlled/undiagnosed glaucoma
Hemorrhages
crossed eye. exotropic is outward toward midline. Esotropic is inward toward the
nose.
Strabismus
,20/200
legal blindness
cranial nerve II
Blurry- problem with visual acuity or dbl vision/diplopia? Monocular diplopia is a
optical prob. Binocular is alignment.
VISUAL ACUITY-
Snellen chart cover one eye smallest line for fraction. Cover other eye.
Distance vision-
hold card 35cm from eye smallest line. Cover one eye at a time.
Near vision-
confrontation test. Cover each eye in turn. You wiggle fingers into the center . pt
says I see.
Peripheral vision-
refer to eye specialist if there is a two line difference in the visual acuity of
different eyes.
Pediatric pt
size, hair texture, extension beyond eye.
Inspect eyebrows for:
:
:
:
:.
:
edema, puffiness, sagging tissue
Inspect orbital area for
spasms=hyperthyroid, ability open wide and close. Redness, swelling, flakes. Do
eyelashes curve in? Ptosis? Eversion-ectropion ot Inversion-entropion
, Inspect eyelids for
nodules
Palpate eyelids for
very firm: glaucoma, hyperthyroid, retrobulbar tumor
Palpate eye
clear? Red? Swelling? Exudate? Hemorrhage? pterygium ? Only peel up and
down if foreign body present.
Inspect conjunctivae
shine light tangentially to assess clarity. Should be clear. Corneal arc, circle may
be hyperlipidemia
Examine Cornea:
***
- cranial nerve 5/V. touch cotton to eye they need to blink.
Corneal sensitivity
if the cornea is clear and even in contour
Look at the eye from the far sideways position to see
1. inspect iris for being clearly visible and same color
2. Observe pupil shape and size
3. ***Test pupil response to light- direct and consensually- simultaneous
constriction. Shine in one eye-constrict in both.
4. Perform swinging flashlight test. Shine one a=eye and then go rapidly to the
next. If second eye doesn't constrict afferent pupil defect/optic nerve disease.
5. ***Accommodation- nerve IV. look distant object then focus object 10 cm from
nose. Pupil should constrict.
6. Nystagmus in book
Assess iris and pupil- 5 characteristics
Tear duct in the nasal corner of the eye
medial canthus.
plaque dark slate gray pigment. Not disease, just note.
Senile hyaline
Correctly Answered Latest 2024
AV nicking is key in the world of hypertension. These are the only capillaries you
can see in the body. Nicking is a classic sign of vessel disease. ** looks like vein
stops on either side of the artery.
AV Nicking
Small, odd shaped, yellow colored plaques are lipid deposits and indicate lipid
metabolism problem.
Xanthelasma
lower lid turned away from eye
Ectropion
lid turned inward
Entropion
drooping/sagging upper eyelid. Over the globe of the eye caused by problem in
cranial nerve 3.
Ptosis:
crusting along eyelashes
Blepharitis:
infected
Acute purulent conjunctive:
abnormal growth of conjunctiva that extends over the cornea from the limbus.
Overexposure to ultraviolet rays
Pterygium:
lipids deposited in the periphery of the cornea
Arcus senilis:
those lipids in a complete circle
Cornal arcus senilis:
,bright red blood in a sharply defined area. Sometimes present PG and labor
resolve on own.
Subconjuctival hemorrhage
red, cobblestone caused by allergic reaction
Erythema
small discrete spots that are slightly more yellow than the retina. With time they
enlarge, aging but can be precursor for senile macular degeneration. If they are
increasing in number and color intensity use an Amsler grid to eval central
vision.
Drusen bodies
glaucoma
Cupping of optic disc
hypertension. Infarcts of retina
cotton wool spots
diabetes
cotton wool spots and hemorrhage
cataracts- risk factors
family hx, steroid med use, UV light, smoking cigs, DM, aging.
Opacities blocking red reflex
like a curtain or shadow has come down on part of my visual field.
partial retinal detachment
Pupils equal reactive to light not the same size
anisocoria
Flame- nerve layer fibers blood spreads parallel to fibers
Round- in deeper layers darker color
Dot- microaneurysm- diabetic retinopathy
At disc margin- poorly controlled/undiagnosed glaucoma
Hemorrhages
crossed eye. exotropic is outward toward midline. Esotropic is inward toward the
nose.
Strabismus
,20/200
legal blindness
cranial nerve II
Blurry- problem with visual acuity or dbl vision/diplopia? Monocular diplopia is a
optical prob. Binocular is alignment.
VISUAL ACUITY-
Snellen chart cover one eye smallest line for fraction. Cover other eye.
Distance vision-
hold card 35cm from eye smallest line. Cover one eye at a time.
Near vision-
confrontation test. Cover each eye in turn. You wiggle fingers into the center . pt
says I see.
Peripheral vision-
refer to eye specialist if there is a two line difference in the visual acuity of
different eyes.
Pediatric pt
size, hair texture, extension beyond eye.
Inspect eyebrows for:
:
:
:
:.
:
edema, puffiness, sagging tissue
Inspect orbital area for
spasms=hyperthyroid, ability open wide and close. Redness, swelling, flakes. Do
eyelashes curve in? Ptosis? Eversion-ectropion ot Inversion-entropion
, Inspect eyelids for
nodules
Palpate eyelids for
very firm: glaucoma, hyperthyroid, retrobulbar tumor
Palpate eye
clear? Red? Swelling? Exudate? Hemorrhage? pterygium ? Only peel up and
down if foreign body present.
Inspect conjunctivae
shine light tangentially to assess clarity. Should be clear. Corneal arc, circle may
be hyperlipidemia
Examine Cornea:
***
- cranial nerve 5/V. touch cotton to eye they need to blink.
Corneal sensitivity
if the cornea is clear and even in contour
Look at the eye from the far sideways position to see
1. inspect iris for being clearly visible and same color
2. Observe pupil shape and size
3. ***Test pupil response to light- direct and consensually- simultaneous
constriction. Shine in one eye-constrict in both.
4. Perform swinging flashlight test. Shine one a=eye and then go rapidly to the
next. If second eye doesn't constrict afferent pupil defect/optic nerve disease.
5. ***Accommodation- nerve IV. look distant object then focus object 10 cm from
nose. Pupil should constrict.
6. Nystagmus in book
Assess iris and pupil- 5 characteristics
Tear duct in the nasal corner of the eye
medial canthus.
plaque dark slate gray pigment. Not disease, just note.
Senile hyaline
