DRI definitions Schutt (all the chapters)
Chapter 1
- Constructivism
Methodology based on questioning belief in an external reality,
emphasizing the importance of exploring in which way different
stakeholders in social settings construct their beliefs
- Descriptive research
Research in which social phenomena are defined/described
- Evaluation research
Describes/identifies the impact of social policies and programs
- Explanatory research
Wants to identify causes and effects of social phenomena and predict how
one phenomenon will change around another.
- Exploratory research
Wants to find out how people get along in certain settings, what meanings
they give to their actions and what issues concern them
- Illogical reasoning
Jumping to conclusions/arguing based on invalid assumptions
- Inaccurate observation
An observation based on faulty perceptions of reality
- Overgeneralization
‘What is just for some is just for all cases’ when this is not true.
- Positivism
The belief that there is a reality that exists apart from our own perception
of it, that we can understand trough observation
- Qualitative methods
Participant observation etc. relies on written/spoken word
- Quantitative methods
Surveys etc. data with either numbers or attributes that have a certain
magnitude
- Resistance to change
Not wanting to reevaluate ideas considering new information
- Science
The knowledge produced using logic/systematic/documented methods for
investigating nature/natural processes
- Selective observation
Choosing to only look at things in line with our preferences or beliefs
- Social science
The knowledge produced using scientific investigations of
individuals/societies/ social processes
- Triangulation
Using multiple methods to study one research question
Chapter 2
, - Anomalous findings
Unexpected patterns in data
- Authenticity
When the understanding of a social process or setting is one that reflects
various perspectives of participants in that setting
- Causal validity
When a conclusion that A leads to B is correct
- Cohort
Individuals or groups with a common starting point
- Cross-population generalizability
When findings about one group hold true for other groups
- Cross-sectional research design
A study in which data are collected at only one point in time
- Deductive research
Research in which a specific expectation is deduced from a general
premise and is then tested
- Dependent variable
A variable that is hypothesized to vary depending on another variable
- Direction of association
A pattern in a relationship between variables (can be both positive and
negative)
- Empirical generalization
A statement that describes patterns found in data
- Event-based design (cohort study)
Longitudinal study where data is collected at two or more points in time
from individuals in a cohort
- External validity
When findings about one group turn out to be true for other groups
- Fixed-sample panel design
Longitudinal study where data is collected from the same individuals at
two or more points in time
- Generalizability
When a conclusion holds true for the population that we say it does, given
the conditions we expected
- Hypothesis
A tentative statement about empirical reality, involving a relationship
between two or more variables
- Independent variable
A variable that is hypothesized to cause variation in another variable
- Inductive research
Research where general conclusions are drawn from specific data
- Integrated literature review
A review of prior research on a particular research question that
summarizes findings, critique methods, and presents conclusions
- Internal validity
When a conclusion that A leads to B is correct
- Labeling theory
Chapter 1
- Constructivism
Methodology based on questioning belief in an external reality,
emphasizing the importance of exploring in which way different
stakeholders in social settings construct their beliefs
- Descriptive research
Research in which social phenomena are defined/described
- Evaluation research
Describes/identifies the impact of social policies and programs
- Explanatory research
Wants to identify causes and effects of social phenomena and predict how
one phenomenon will change around another.
- Exploratory research
Wants to find out how people get along in certain settings, what meanings
they give to their actions and what issues concern them
- Illogical reasoning
Jumping to conclusions/arguing based on invalid assumptions
- Inaccurate observation
An observation based on faulty perceptions of reality
- Overgeneralization
‘What is just for some is just for all cases’ when this is not true.
- Positivism
The belief that there is a reality that exists apart from our own perception
of it, that we can understand trough observation
- Qualitative methods
Participant observation etc. relies on written/spoken word
- Quantitative methods
Surveys etc. data with either numbers or attributes that have a certain
magnitude
- Resistance to change
Not wanting to reevaluate ideas considering new information
- Science
The knowledge produced using logic/systematic/documented methods for
investigating nature/natural processes
- Selective observation
Choosing to only look at things in line with our preferences or beliefs
- Social science
The knowledge produced using scientific investigations of
individuals/societies/ social processes
- Triangulation
Using multiple methods to study one research question
Chapter 2
, - Anomalous findings
Unexpected patterns in data
- Authenticity
When the understanding of a social process or setting is one that reflects
various perspectives of participants in that setting
- Causal validity
When a conclusion that A leads to B is correct
- Cohort
Individuals or groups with a common starting point
- Cross-population generalizability
When findings about one group hold true for other groups
- Cross-sectional research design
A study in which data are collected at only one point in time
- Deductive research
Research in which a specific expectation is deduced from a general
premise and is then tested
- Dependent variable
A variable that is hypothesized to vary depending on another variable
- Direction of association
A pattern in a relationship between variables (can be both positive and
negative)
- Empirical generalization
A statement that describes patterns found in data
- Event-based design (cohort study)
Longitudinal study where data is collected at two or more points in time
from individuals in a cohort
- External validity
When findings about one group turn out to be true for other groups
- Fixed-sample panel design
Longitudinal study where data is collected from the same individuals at
two or more points in time
- Generalizability
When a conclusion holds true for the population that we say it does, given
the conditions we expected
- Hypothesis
A tentative statement about empirical reality, involving a relationship
between two or more variables
- Independent variable
A variable that is hypothesized to cause variation in another variable
- Inductive research
Research where general conclusions are drawn from specific data
- Integrated literature review
A review of prior research on a particular research question that
summarizes findings, critique methods, and presents conclusions
- Internal validity
When a conclusion that A leads to B is correct
- Labeling theory
