Med-Surg Final ATI Practice Questions 2023/2024

A nurse is admitting a client who has a suspected MI and a history of angina. Which of the following findings will help the nurse distinguish angina from an MI? A. Angina can be relieved with rest and nitroglycerin B. The pain of an MI resolves in less than 15 minutes C. The type of activity that causes an MI can be identified D. Angina can occur for longer than 30 minutes. - ANSWERSA. Angina can be relieved with rest and nitroglycerin A nurse on a cardiac unit is reviewing the lab findings of a client who has a diagnosis of MI and reports that his dyspnea began 2 weeks ago. Which of the following cardiac enzymes would confirm the infarction occurred 14 days ago? A. CK-MB B. Troponin I C. Troponin T D. Myoglobin - ANSWERSC. Troponin T A nurse is caring for a client in a clinic who asks the nurse why her provider prescribed 1 aspirin per day. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? A. "Aspirin reduces the formation of blood clots that could cause a heart attack." B. "Aspirin receives the pain due to myocardial ischemia." C. "Aspirin dissolves clots that are forming in your coronary arteries." D. "Aspirin relieves headaches that are caused by other medications." - ANSWERSA. "Aspirin reduces the formation of blood clots that could cause a heart attack." A nurse is instructing a client who has angina about a new prescription for metroprolol tartare (Lopressor). Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "I should place the tablet under my tongue." B. "I should have my clotting time checked weekly." C. "I will report any ringing in my ears." D. "I will call my doctor if my pulse rate is less than 60." - ANSWERSD. "I will call my doctor if my pulse rate is less than 60." A nurse is presenting a community education program on recommended lifestyle chances to prevent angina and MI. Which of the following changes should the nurse recommend be made first? A. Diet modification B. Relaxation exercises C. Smoking cessation D. Taking omega-3 capsules - ANSWERSC. Smoking cessation A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and reports increased shortness of breath. The nurse increases the oxygen per protocol. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Obtain the client's weight B. Assist the client into high-Fowler's position C. Auscultate lung sounds D. Check O2 saturation with pulse oximeter - ANSWERSB. Assist the client into high-Fowler's position A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and asks how to limit fluid intake to 2,000 mL/day. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? A. "Pour the amount of fluid you drink into an empty 2 liter bottle to keep track of how much you drink." B. "Each glass contains 8 ounces. There are 30 milliliters per ounce, so you can have a total of 8 glasses or cups of fluid each day." C. "This is the same as 2 quarts, or about the same as two pots of coffee." D. "Take sips of water or ice chips so you will not take in too much fluid." - ANSWERSA. "Pour the amount of fluid you drink into an empty 2 liter bottle to keep track of how much you drink." A nurse is teaching a client who has heart failure about the need to limit sodium in the diet to 2,000 mg daily. Which of the following foods should be consumed in limited quantities? (Select all that apply) A. Cheddar cheese, 2 oz B. Hot dog C. Canned tuna, 3 oz D. Roast chicken breast, 3 oz E. Baked ham, 3 oz - ANSWERSA. Cheddar cheese, 2 oz B. Hot dog C. Canned tuna, 3 oz E. Baked ham, 3 oz A nurse is completing discharge teaching to a client who has heart failure and is encouraged to increase potassium in his diet. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "I will consume more white rice." B. "I will eat more baked potatoes." C. "I will drink more grape juice." D. "I will use more powdered cocoa mixes." - ANSWERSB. "I will eat more baked potatoes." A nurse is completing the admission assessment of a client who has suspected pulmonary edema. Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply) A. Tachypnea B. Persistent cough C. Increased urinary output D. Thick, yellow sputum E. Orthopnea - ANSWERSA. Tachypnea B. Persistent cough E. Orthopnea A nurse is completing discharge teaching with a client who had a surgical placement of a mechanical heart valve. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "I will be glad to get back to my exercise routine right away." B. "I will have my prothrombin time checked on a regular basis." C. "I will talk to my dentist about no longer needed antibiotics before dental exams." D. "I will continue to limit my intake of foods containing potassium." - ANSWERSB. "I will have my prothrombin time checked on a regular basis." A nurse is completing the admission physical assessment of client who has a history of mitral valve insufficiency. Which of the following is an expected finding? A. Hoarseness B. Petechiae C. Crackles in lung bases D. Splenomegaly - ANSWERSC. Crackles in lung bases A nurse is reviewing the health record of a client who is being evaluated for possible valvular heart disease. The nurse should recognize which of the following data as risk factors for this condition? (Select all that apply) A. Surgical repair of an atrial spatial defect at age 2 B. Measles infection during childhood C. Hypertension for 5 years D. Weight gain of 10 lb in past year E. Diastolic murmur present - ANSWERSA. Surgical repair of an atrial spatial defect at age 2 C. Hypertension for 5 years E. Diastolic murmur present A nurse is caring for a 72-year-old client who is to undergo a percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. The client's daughter asks the nurse to explain the expected outcome of this procedure. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? A. "This will improve blood flow in your mother's coronary arteries." B. "This will permit your mother to resume her ADLs." C. "This will prolong your mother's life." D. "This will reverse the effects to the damaged area." - ANSWERSB. "This will permit your mother to resume her ADLs." A nurse educator is reviewing expected findings in a client who has right-sided valvular heart disease with a group of nurses. Which of the following should be included int he discussion? (Select all that apply) A. Dyspnea B. Client report of fatigue C. Bradycardia D. Pleural friction rub E. Peripheral edema - ANSWERSA. Dyspnea B. Client report of fatigue E. Peripheral edema A nurse is caring for a client ho has pericarditis. Which of the following expected findings should the nurse anticipate? A. Petechiae B. Murmur C. Rash D. Friction Rub - ANSWERSD. Friction Rub Which of the following clients has the greatest risk of acquiring rheumatic endocarditis? A. An older adult who has COPD B. A child who has an upper respiratory streptococcal infection C. A middle-age adult who has lupus erythematous D. A young adult who is at 24 weeks gestation - ANSWERSB. A child who has an upper respiratory streptococcal infection A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who has been on long-term NSAID therapy to treat myocarditis. Which of the following laboratory findings should be reported to the provider? A. Platelets 100,000/mm3 B. Serum glucose 100mg/dL C. Serum creatinine 0.7 mg/dL D. Amino alanine transferase (ALT) 30 IU/L - ANSWERSA. Platelets 100,000/mm3 A nurse is assessing a client who has painter hemorrhages in her nail beds and reports a fever. For which of the following conditions is the client at risk? A. Infective endocarditis B. Pericarditis C. Myocarditis D. Rheumatic endocarditis - ANSWERSA. Infective endocarditis A nurse is admitting a client who has suspected rheumatic endocarditis. The nurse should anticipate a prescription form the provider for which of the following laboratory tests to assist in confirmation of this diagnosis? A. Arterial blood gases B. Serum albumin C. Liver enzymes D. Throat culture - ANSWERSD. Throat culture A nurse is preforming a physical assessment of a client who has chronic peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following is an expected finding? A. Edema around the client's ankles and feet B. Ulceration around the client's medial malleoli C. Scaling eczema of the client's lower legs with stasis dermatitis D. Pallor on elevation of the client's limbs and rumor when his limbs are dependent - ANSWERSD. Pallor on elevation of the client's limbs and rumor when his limbs are dependent A nurse is caring for a client who has severe peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The nurse should expect that the client will sleep most comfortably in which of the following positions? A. With the affected limb hanging from the bed B. With the affected limb elevated on pillows C. With the head of the bed raised D. In a side-laying, recumbent position - ANSWERSA. With the affected limb hanging from the bed A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for clopidogrel (Plavix). Which of the following should be included in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A. Effects may not be apparent for several weeks B. Monitor for the presense of black, tarry stools C. Instruct the client to use an electric razor D. Schedule a weekly PT test E. Advise the client about food sources containing vitamin K - ANSWERSA. Effects may not be apparent for several weeks B. Monitor for the presense of black, tarry stools A nurse is caring for a client who has DVT and has been taking unfractionated heparin for 1 week. Two days ago, the provider also prescribed warfarin (Coumadin). The client questions the nurse about receiving both heparin and warfarin at the same time. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? A. "I will remind your provider that you are already receiving heparin." B. "Laboratory findings indicated that two anticoagulants were needed." C. "It takes three to four days before the effects of warfarin are achieved and the heparin can be discontinued." D. "Only one of these medications is being given to treat your DVT." - ANSWERSC. "It takes three to four days before the effects of warfarin are achieved and the heparin can be discontinued." A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic venous insufficiency. The provider prescribed thigh-high compression stockings. The nurse should instruct the client to A. massage both legs firmly with lotion prior to applying the stockings. B. apply the stockings in the morning upon awakening and before getting out of bed. C. roll the stockings down to the knees if they will not stay up on the thighs. D. remove the stockings while out of bed for 1 hr, four times a day to allow the legs to rest. - ANSWERSB. apply the stockings in the morning upon awakening and before getting out of bed. A nurse is screening a client for hypertension. Which of the following actions by the client increase his risk for hypertension? (select all that apply) A. Drinking 8 oz of nonfat milk daily B. Eating popcorn while at the movie theater C. Walking 1 mile daily at 12 min/mile pace D. Consuming 36