US
MODULE 1 St. Augustine while integrating the teaching
of the church in his philosophy and
Philosophy is derived from the Greek establishing our sense of self with God which
words “Philos” and “Sophia” which we cannot achieve with our bodies since the
literally means “Love for Wisdom”. It is limitation of our senses in truly understanding
the study of acquiring knowledge through the essence of our existence and role in the
rational thinking and inquiries that world is limited.
involves in answering questions regarding
the nature and existence of man and the Descartes explained we as a rational being
world we live in. should focus on the mind and explained that
the more we think and doubt what we
Socrates believe that the answer to our perceived from our senses and the answer
pursuit in knowing ourselves lies in our that came from such thinking or doubting
own abilities and wisdom, and that the leads to better understanding of ourselves.
only way for us to understand ourselves is
through internal questioning or John Locke’s work on the self is most
introspection. represented by the concept “Tabula Rasa”
Socratic Method or Socratic which means a Blank Slate.
Conversation.
According to David Hume, there is no
Plato generally followed his teacher and permanent “self”, that since our impressions
the idea of knowing thyself through the of things based from our experiences and
allegory of the cave, the apology, and his from such impressions we can create our
work on a perfect government and societal ideas and knowledge which leads to the
system, “The Republic” where he said that argument that since our impression and ideas
the world can only be led by a Philosopher change.
king. According to Plato, a person who is a
follower of truth and wisdom will not be Immanuel Kant is a German Philosopher
tempted by vices and will always be just. that is known for his works on Empiricism
and Rationalism.
Plato’s idea of the appetitive soul is the We have the capabilities to understand
part of the person that is driven by desire beyond those experiences and be able to
and need to satisfy oneself. think and have a clear identification who
This satisfaction both involves physical needs we are and establish a sense of self that is
and pleasures and desires. unique and distinct from others.
As long as the person finds an object or
situation good or satisfying, the Appetitive Sigmund Freud, an Austrian
soul can drive the person to lean towards Psychologist and Physician, he is
those objects and situations. also known as the father of
psychoanalysis and is known for his
This part of the soul can be attributed to the work on human nature and the
courageous part of a person, one who wants unconscious.
to do something or to right the wrongs that
they observe. Gilbert Ryle with his Behavioristic approach
Spirited soul are very competitive and is to self, said that self is the behavior
very active, his competitiveness drives one to presented by the person, his notion of
expect positive results and winning. dualism is that the behavior that we show,
, emotions and actions are the reflection of our
The last part of the soul could be said is the mind and as such is
driver of our lives, this is the part that thinks the manifestation of who we are.
and plan for the future “the conscious
mind” it decides what to do, when to do it Paul Churchland is a Canadian
and the possible results one could have philosopher whose focus is on the
depending on their actions. idea that people should improve
our association and use of words in
identifying the self. He has this idea
that the “self” is defined by the
movements of our brain.
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty is a The looking-glass self is a social
French philosopher that is known for his psychological concept, created by Charles
idea of the self, regarded that the body and Horton Cooley in 1902, stating that a
mind are not separate entities, but rather person’s self grows out of society’s
those two components is one and the same. interpersonal interactions and the perceptions
of others. The term refers to people shaping
themselves based on other people’s
MODULE 2 perception, which leads people to reinforce
other people’s perspectives on themselves.
Sociology or the study of how human society People shape themselves based on what
is established, its structure and how it works, other people perceive and confirm other
the people’s interaction with each other and people’s opinion on themselves.
the effects they have to one another is an
aspect in which we have to consider with
regards to the development of a person. MODULE 3
George Herbert Mead rejected the idea of Anthropology is a systematic exploration of
biological determination of the self which human biological and cultural diversity.
proposes that an individual already has an
established self from the moment he is born. Cultural anthropology is the study of human
For him, the notion of a person with regards society and culture which describes,analyzes,
to who they are develops from one’s social interprets and explains social and cultural
interaction with other people. He reiterated similarities and differences. It explores the
that the process of establishing the self is diversity of the present and the past.
through the construction and reconstruction Ethnography and ethnology are two different
of the idea of who we are as a person during activities which can study and interpret
the process of social experience. cultural diversity.
According to Mead the concept the “I” is Archeological anthropology
one’s response to the established attitude, reconstructs, describes and interprets
and behavior that a person assumes in human behavior and cultural patterns
reference to their social interactions while through material remains. These
the “Me” are the attitudes, and behavior of materials remain such as plant, animal
the person with reference to their social and ancient garbage provides stories
environment. about utilization and actions.
The Preparatory Stage (Birth – 2 years Old) Biological, or Physical Anthropology
According to Mead, during this stage the focuses on these special interest, human
MODULE 1 St. Augustine while integrating the teaching
of the church in his philosophy and
Philosophy is derived from the Greek establishing our sense of self with God which
words “Philos” and “Sophia” which we cannot achieve with our bodies since the
literally means “Love for Wisdom”. It is limitation of our senses in truly understanding
the study of acquiring knowledge through the essence of our existence and role in the
rational thinking and inquiries that world is limited.
involves in answering questions regarding
the nature and existence of man and the Descartes explained we as a rational being
world we live in. should focus on the mind and explained that
the more we think and doubt what we
Socrates believe that the answer to our perceived from our senses and the answer
pursuit in knowing ourselves lies in our that came from such thinking or doubting
own abilities and wisdom, and that the leads to better understanding of ourselves.
only way for us to understand ourselves is
through internal questioning or John Locke’s work on the self is most
introspection. represented by the concept “Tabula Rasa”
Socratic Method or Socratic which means a Blank Slate.
Conversation.
According to David Hume, there is no
Plato generally followed his teacher and permanent “self”, that since our impressions
the idea of knowing thyself through the of things based from our experiences and
allegory of the cave, the apology, and his from such impressions we can create our
work on a perfect government and societal ideas and knowledge which leads to the
system, “The Republic” where he said that argument that since our impression and ideas
the world can only be led by a Philosopher change.
king. According to Plato, a person who is a
follower of truth and wisdom will not be Immanuel Kant is a German Philosopher
tempted by vices and will always be just. that is known for his works on Empiricism
and Rationalism.
Plato’s idea of the appetitive soul is the We have the capabilities to understand
part of the person that is driven by desire beyond those experiences and be able to
and need to satisfy oneself. think and have a clear identification who
This satisfaction both involves physical needs we are and establish a sense of self that is
and pleasures and desires. unique and distinct from others.
As long as the person finds an object or
situation good or satisfying, the Appetitive Sigmund Freud, an Austrian
soul can drive the person to lean towards Psychologist and Physician, he is
those objects and situations. also known as the father of
psychoanalysis and is known for his
This part of the soul can be attributed to the work on human nature and the
courageous part of a person, one who wants unconscious.
to do something or to right the wrongs that
they observe. Gilbert Ryle with his Behavioristic approach
Spirited soul are very competitive and is to self, said that self is the behavior
very active, his competitiveness drives one to presented by the person, his notion of
expect positive results and winning. dualism is that the behavior that we show,
, emotions and actions are the reflection of our
The last part of the soul could be said is the mind and as such is
driver of our lives, this is the part that thinks the manifestation of who we are.
and plan for the future “the conscious
mind” it decides what to do, when to do it Paul Churchland is a Canadian
and the possible results one could have philosopher whose focus is on the
depending on their actions. idea that people should improve
our association and use of words in
identifying the self. He has this idea
that the “self” is defined by the
movements of our brain.
Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau-Ponty is a The looking-glass self is a social
French philosopher that is known for his psychological concept, created by Charles
idea of the self, regarded that the body and Horton Cooley in 1902, stating that a
mind are not separate entities, but rather person’s self grows out of society’s
those two components is one and the same. interpersonal interactions and the perceptions
of others. The term refers to people shaping
themselves based on other people’s
MODULE 2 perception, which leads people to reinforce
other people’s perspectives on themselves.
Sociology or the study of how human society People shape themselves based on what
is established, its structure and how it works, other people perceive and confirm other
the people’s interaction with each other and people’s opinion on themselves.
the effects they have to one another is an
aspect in which we have to consider with
regards to the development of a person. MODULE 3
George Herbert Mead rejected the idea of Anthropology is a systematic exploration of
biological determination of the self which human biological and cultural diversity.
proposes that an individual already has an
established self from the moment he is born. Cultural anthropology is the study of human
For him, the notion of a person with regards society and culture which describes,analyzes,
to who they are develops from one’s social interprets and explains social and cultural
interaction with other people. He reiterated similarities and differences. It explores the
that the process of establishing the self is diversity of the present and the past.
through the construction and reconstruction Ethnography and ethnology are two different
of the idea of who we are as a person during activities which can study and interpret
the process of social experience. cultural diversity.
According to Mead the concept the “I” is Archeological anthropology
one’s response to the established attitude, reconstructs, describes and interprets
and behavior that a person assumes in human behavior and cultural patterns
reference to their social interactions while through material remains. These
the “Me” are the attitudes, and behavior of materials remain such as plant, animal
the person with reference to their social and ancient garbage provides stories
environment. about utilization and actions.
The Preparatory Stage (Birth – 2 years Old) Biological, or Physical Anthropology
According to Mead, during this stage the focuses on these special interest, human
