NSG 526 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2024 (GRADED)

NSG 526 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2024. Norms - answerare considered the "right" patterns of behavior for a society Event interpretation - answershould be included for problem-solving therapy for a child with conduct disorder. Family therapy - answercan promote the greatest change in an adolescent's behavior. The Developmental Theoretical approach - answerdescribes a family's progression through the lifecycle. Establishing a therapeutic alliance - answeris important because acceptance and trust convey a feeling of security in an adolescent. Most children will adopt the same world view - answeras their parents (ex. If a child was brought up by parents who thought the world was hostile they would most likely adopt this view as they grow older. Bibliotherapy - answeruses books and a librarian as resources. When conducting a counseling session for a group of at risk adolescents on drug use - answerit is important to have their peers involved in teaching some problem-solving skills. Play therapy is important - answerbecause it allows the child to play out their fears and frustrations. Therapeutic drawing is a helpful technique - answeris a child feels self-blame regarding their parent's divorce. Objective observations - answerhelp the most in evaluating outcomes of child therapy. Schizoid personality disorder - answerIndividual psychotherapy is the appropriate modality to use with this disorder. The best response by the PMHNP when speaking with a client with BPD who has been in counseling for management of self-harm behaviors who now wants to cut themselves is - answerto assist the client to identify an appropriate coping strategy. Understand that if a client with BPD who was making progress but recently had an anxiety producing situation arise and now cut herself is that even though this behavior is dysfunctional, - answerit is mostly the patient's best effort to cope. Self-mutilation is mainly due to - answerfear of abandonment or the increase of independence BPD is often characterized by - answeran inability to tolerate perceived rejection. Patients will respond better to limit setting if - answerthe PMHNP can reflect back to the client an understanding and validation of their emotional distress. Clients with BPD have not successfully achieved - answerthe developmental stage of separation-individuation. Paranoid Personality Disorder - answerdo not trust others easily, and it's best to use a respectful neutral approach. Paranoid Personality Disorder are - answercritical of others because they project blame for their own shortcomings onto others. Self-mutilation occurs because - answera client may feel that pain is better than not feeling anything, it also results from feelings of abandonment, it can be a manipulative gesture, and it is also happens when a safety plan has been put in place. DBT helps to - answerreplace irrational thoughts. Respecting a client's boundaries - answerimportant in establishing a therapeutic relationship with a patient with BPD providing a safe environment - answeris the priority for any client who is a victim of a serious crime/assault MCI Expectant category - answerInjuries are extensive and chances of survival are unlikely even with definitive care. Persons in this group should be separated from other casualties, but not abandoned. Comfort measures should be provided when possible Black MCI CATEGORY - answerUnresponsive patients with penetrating head wounds, high spinal cord injuries, wounds involving multiple anatomical sites and organs, 2nd/3rd degree burns in excess of 60% of body surface area, seizures or vomiting within 24 hr after radiation exposure, profound shock with multiple injuries, agonal respirations; no pulse, no BP, pupils fixed and dilated. Mindfulness - answerThe essential part of all skills taught in skills group are the core mindfulness skills. Mindfulness is the capacity to pay attention, non-judgmentally to the present moment. It is derived from teachings of the Buddha, the Zen tradition being perhaps one of its most well-known proponents. Mindfulness is all about living in the moment, experiencing your emotions and all your senses and being aware of them. The psych NP needs to - answerfoster a child's healthy characteristics and existing environmental supports no matter how negative (ex a child lives in a homeless shelter). children from different cultures - answerdevelop at different rates Most psychiatric disorders in children are - answermultifactorial. Paranoid Personality Disorder characteristics - answerCharacteristics: suspicious of others; fear others will exploit, harm, or deceive them; fear of confiding in others (fear personal information will be used against them); misread compliments as manipulation; hypervigilant; prone to counterattack; hostile; and aloof. Psychotic episodes may occur in times of stress. Nurses should give straightforward explanations of tests, history taking, and procedures, side effects of drugs, changes in treatment plan, and possible further procedures, to counteract client fear Narcissistic Personality Disorder - answerCharacteristics: grandiosity, fantasies of power or brilliance, need to be admired, sense of entitlement, arrogant, patronizing, rude, overestimates self and underestimates others. This behavior covers a fragile ego. In health care setting demand the best of everything. When client is corrected, when boundaries are defined, or when limits are set on client's behavior, client feels humiliated, degraded, and empty. To lower anxiety the client may launch a counterattack. The nurse should gently help the client identify attempts to seek and become perfect, exhibit grandiose behavior, and sense of entitlement splitting - answerBPD A major defense is splitting (alternating between idealizing and devaluing). client schemas - answercognitive therapy is the modality that prioritizes a client's schema. Schemas - answerstored bodies of knowledge that interact with incoming information to influence selective attention and memory search Bibliotherapy def - answeris an expressive therapy which involves using child and adolescent literature to help the child express feelings in a supportive environment, gain insight into feelings and behavior, and learn new ways to cope with difficult situations. as the process of using books to teach those receiving medical care about their conditions is believed to be one cost-effective and versatile option for the treatment of several mental health issues. When children listen to or read a story - answerthey unconsciously identify with the characters and experience a catharsis of feelings. The books selected by the PMH-APRN should reflect the situations or feelings the child is experiencing. theoretical model based on the premise that people are greatly influenced by the characters they identify with in stories. Most professionals agree reading is - answerproductive activity that can promote good mental health, as reading has been shown to increase empathy, sharpen the mind, and impact behavior. play therapy - answeris child-centered and typically builds on the foundation of the psychodynamic, object-relations, and attachment theories. Start age 3 plus give us the same type of information that we gather through verbal communication with adults play therapy helpful for - answerposttraumatic stress disorder, disruptive behavior disorders, mood disorders, and reactive attachment disorder. Nondirective play - answeris normally viewed as the best way to begin play therapy. Structured play is rarely used until nondirective play has enabled a full assessment of relevant themes and issues, and the child's trust around anxiety-laden issues has been developed. Symbols in play therapy - answersuch as aggressive behavior toward a father doll) can have several meanings and should never be interpreted in a standardized fashion toys with ambiguous meaning - answerdiverse uses foster symbolic play more effectively because they allow the child to project his or her own identity and function onto the toys Purpose of play therapy - answer1. catharsis, the release of strong emotions in order to provide relief from the inner tension they may be causing the child. 2. abreaction, the reliving through play of past events and their related feelings. A child can assimilate 3. to help the child try out other ways of relating to the world or responding to situations. Age 3 child has capacity for role play Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in kids - answer1. focus on the child's conscious rather than unconscious issues. 2. emphasis is placed on more effective coping in the present rather than on mastery over unresolved feelings associated with the child's past experiences CBT in kids over 7 years old treat - answerdepression, conduct disorder, ADHD, and anxiety Behavioral techniques, without the cognitive component, are also widely used to address therapeutic goals - answerfor 3- to 6-year-old children and those with mental retardation, learning and communication disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, tic disorders, and elimination disorders. Cognitive behavioral treatment for kid - answeris a reeducation and relearning process involving the development of new ways of thinking about life and new behaviors that are more adaptive and more functional for the child. process of cognitive restructuring involves strategies - answerfinding out what the child means by statements he makes, teaching him to question the "evidence" he's using to maintain any irrational beliefs, helping him identify other options for what a situation might mean, listing advantages and disadvantages of a particular belief, and teaching him to use self-talk or directives to himself to help change or reframe a situation. For example, "Stop and wait; don't get angry until you find out more Family Therapy - answerThis method is selected when interactions among family members need attention in order to address specific problems exhibited by the child. The goal is to increase the likelihood that improvements in the child's mental health will occur and will be supported in the home with consistent and sustained family patterns If children under age 7 are involved in family therapy, the nurse may choose to alternate between having the child present and seeing the parents or other family members only becasue - answerchild's presence provides information for clinical assessment, allows for direct comment on and discussion of the dynamics that occur among parents and children, and provides opportunities for the PMH-APRN to model effective interaction with the child, as well as teach the family about normal development and positive parenting. However, there may be issues for discussion that are beyond the child's capacity to understand and/or inappropriate for discussion in front of the child. Meeting with the parents alone enables these issues to be more openly addressed in a setting with fewer distractions. Family play therapy - answerUsually, the first half of the family session involves either directive or nondirective play. In the second half, the parents talk with the therapist about family issues that arose during the play, while the child continues to play or engages in discussion as desired or when invited. If children are protected from experiencing negative events and developing coping skills - answerthey may be unable to cope and adapt to crisis situations in later life. Crisis occurs when - answerthere is a perceived challenge or threat that overwhelms the capacity of the individual to cope effectively with the event. disrupts the life of the individual experiencing the event. In a crisis - answerthe person's habits and coping patterns are suspended. Often, unexpected emotional (e.g., depression) and biologic (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches) responses occur. Although a person may become extremely anxious, depressed, or elated, feeling states do not determine whether a person is in a crisis. If functioning is severely impaired, a crisis is occurring A crisis is generally regarded as - answertime limited, lasting no more than 4 to 6 weeks. There is no such thing as a chronic crisis. People who live in constant turmoil are not in crisis but in chaos. A crisis can also represent - answera turning point in a person's life, with either positive or negative outcomes. It can be an opportunity for growth and change because new ways of coping are learned. can initiate a crisis - answerEither internal or external demands that are perceived as threats to a person's physical or emotional functioning. Many life events can evoke a crisis, such as pandemics, natural disasters (e.g., floods, tornadoes, earthquakes) and manmade disasters (e.g., wars, bombings, airplane crashes) as well as traumatic experiences (e.g., rape, sexual abuse, assault). In addition, interpersonal events (divorce, marriage, birth of a child) may create a crisis event in the life of any person. A crisis is not the same as - answera psychiatric emergency that requires immediate intervention. A person in crisis may not need an immediate intervention and should not be viewed as having a mental disorder. However, if the person is significantly distressed or social functioning impaired, an Axis I diagnosis of acute stress disorder should be considered. The person with an acute stress disorder has dissociative symptoms and persistently re-experiences the event (APA). The basis of our understanding of the biopsychosocial implications of a crisis began - answerin the 1940s when Eric Lindemann (l944) studied bereavement reactions among the friends and relatives of the victims of the Coconut Grove nightclub fire in Boston in 1942. That fire, in which 493 people died, From those results, he hypothesized that during the course of one's life, some situations, such as the birth of a child, marriage, and death, evoke adaptive mechanisms that lead either to mastery of a new situation (psychological growth) or impaired functioning. In 1961, psychiatrist Gerald Caplan defined a crisis - answeras occurring when a person faces a problem that cannot be solved by customary problem-solving methods. During period of disequilibrium, there is a rise in inner tension and anxiety, followed by emotional upset and an inability to function. This conceptualization of phases of a crisis is used today. Four phases According to Caplan, during a crisis, a person - answeris open to learning new ways of coping to survive Phase 1 - answerA problem arises that contributes to increase in anxiety levels. The anxiety stimulates the implementation of usual problem-solving techniques of the person. Phase 2 - answerThe usual problem-solving techniques are ineffective. Anxiety levels continue to rise. Trial-and-error attempts are made to restore balance. Phase 3 - answerThe trial-and-error attempts fail. The anxiety escalates to severe or panic levels. The person adopts automatic relief behaviors. Phase 4 - answerWhen these measures do not reduce anxiety, anxiety can overwhelm the person and lead to serious personality disorganization, which signals the person is in crisis. Maturational Crisis - answerAccording to Erikson; are a normal part of growth and development, and that successfully resolving a crisis at one stage allows the child to move to the next. The child develops positive characteristics after experiencing a crisis. If he or she develops less desirable traits, the crisis is not resolved. This concept of maturational crisis assumes that psychosocial development progresses by an easily identifiable, orderly process. The concept of developmental crisis continues to be used today to describe - answerunfavorable person-environment relationships that relate to maturational events, such as leaving home for the first time, completing school, or accepting the responsibility of adulthood. The accomplishment of developmental tasks throughout the life cycle will impact the interpretation of crisis events during the transition of an individual from one stage of life to another.