Hoofdstuk 1 Work and jobs
H7 The career ladder
Retrement when you leave your job and stop working, usually
because you are old.
Retre when you leave your job and stop working, usually
because you are old.
Career paths the way that you progress in your work, either in one job
or in a series of jobs
Work your way up the career a series of jobs from the lower paid with less
ladder responsibility to the highest paid with the most
responsibility within a company or partcular profession
Promoton the process or fact of giving someone a higher or more
important job
Senior More important with greater responsibility
Demoted moved to a less senior job
Resign/hand in you notce to say that you have decided to leave your job
Restructured to organize a company, business, or system in a new way
to make it operate more efectvely
Flater with fewer layers of management
Leaner with fewer, more productve employees
Company hierarchy system in which the people within a company or
organizaton are organized into levels according to the
authority they have
Downsized to reduce the number of diferent levels of staf in a
company or organizaton
Delayered to reduce the number of diferent levels of staf in a
company or organizaton
Downsizing to make smaller in amount, volume, or extent
Restructuring Reorganizing companies
Efciency a situaton in which a person, company, factory, etc. uses
resources such as tme, materials, or labour well, without
wastng any
, Hoofdstuk 1 Work and jobs
Profits money that is earned in trade or business, especially
afer paying the costs of producing and selling goods and
services
Outsource if a company outsources work, it employs another
organizaton to do it rather than using its own employees
In-house personnel outside companies clean the ofces, transport goods etc
Freelancers someone who works on diferent projects with diferent
companies instead of being a company employee
Contractors a person or company that is paid by another company to
work on a partcular project for a partcular amount of
money
Temporary contracts A temporary contract is concluded for a period of tme
Flexibility a fexible person or company can work in diferent ways,
at diferent tmes, or in diferent places when it is
necessary
Job insecurity the feeling that they may not be in their job for long.
Performance reviews regular meetngs with their manager
Dismissed if you do something wrong and are forced to leave a
company
Terminated if you do something wrong and are forced to leave a
company
Fired if you do something wrong and are forced to leave a
company
Sacked/ given the sack if you do something wrong and are forced to leave a
company
Laid of when you do nothing wrong and you are forced to leave
a company
Made redundant when you do nothing wrong and you are forced to
leave a company
Ofered early retrement when you do nothing wrong and you are forced to
leave a company
ourplacement advice how to find another job
H8 problems at work
Discriminated against if people are treated diferently from each other in an
unfair way
Seks discriminaton treatment of men and women diferently, especially
, Hoofdstuk 1 Work and jobs
unfair treatment of women
Glass ceiling something that prevents someone from getng a more
important positon in their organizaton
Racial discriminaton unfair treatment of someone because of their race
Racism unfair treatment of someone because of their race
Racist someone who believes that other races are not as good
as their own and therefore treats them unfairly
Afrmatve acton when help is given in educaton and employment to
groups who were previously discriminated against
Equal opportunites when help is given in educaton and employment to
groups who were previously discriminated against
Positve discriminaton when help is given in educaton and employment to
groups who were previously discriminated against
Dignity at work policy a set of rules to prevent employees being badly treated
at work
Bullies/bullying If someone uses his positon or power to hurt or threaten
an employee
A bully Someone who uses his positon or power to hurt or
threaten an employee
Sexual harassment When a employee behaves sexually towards another in a
way that they find unacceptable.
Harass to create an unpleasant or hostle situaton for
especially by uninvited and unwelcome verbal or
physical conduct
Health and safety issues a set of rules intended to protect people from illness or
injury caused by their work
Bad working environment is an environment in which health and safety problems
have been
Health and safety inspectors the government sends the inspectors to make sure the
factories and ofces are safe places to work.
Passive smoking The unwanted breathing in of other people's cigarete
smoke, especially by people who do not smoke
Repettve strain injury (RSI) A medical conditon caused by repeated pressure or
movements, usually leading to pain and weakness in the
hand and arm
Dangerous machinery A group of large machines or large machines in general
which are not safe to work with
Hazardous substances Substances which have a dangerous and involving risk,
especially to someone's health
Fire hazards Something that is dangerous and likely to cause fire
Heatng and air-conditoning The system that keeps a building warm and the electrical
system used for keeping the air in a building, room, or
vehicle cool
First aid Basic medical treatment which is given to someone as
soon as possible afer they have been hurt in an accident
or suddenly become ill
Industrial accidents accidents that happen in an industry such as dangerous
machinery and hazardous substances
H9 Managers, excutves and directors
H7 The career ladder
Retrement when you leave your job and stop working, usually
because you are old.
Retre when you leave your job and stop working, usually
because you are old.
Career paths the way that you progress in your work, either in one job
or in a series of jobs
Work your way up the career a series of jobs from the lower paid with less
ladder responsibility to the highest paid with the most
responsibility within a company or partcular profession
Promoton the process or fact of giving someone a higher or more
important job
Senior More important with greater responsibility
Demoted moved to a less senior job
Resign/hand in you notce to say that you have decided to leave your job
Restructured to organize a company, business, or system in a new way
to make it operate more efectvely
Flater with fewer layers of management
Leaner with fewer, more productve employees
Company hierarchy system in which the people within a company or
organizaton are organized into levels according to the
authority they have
Downsized to reduce the number of diferent levels of staf in a
company or organizaton
Delayered to reduce the number of diferent levels of staf in a
company or organizaton
Downsizing to make smaller in amount, volume, or extent
Restructuring Reorganizing companies
Efciency a situaton in which a person, company, factory, etc. uses
resources such as tme, materials, or labour well, without
wastng any
, Hoofdstuk 1 Work and jobs
Profits money that is earned in trade or business, especially
afer paying the costs of producing and selling goods and
services
Outsource if a company outsources work, it employs another
organizaton to do it rather than using its own employees
In-house personnel outside companies clean the ofces, transport goods etc
Freelancers someone who works on diferent projects with diferent
companies instead of being a company employee
Contractors a person or company that is paid by another company to
work on a partcular project for a partcular amount of
money
Temporary contracts A temporary contract is concluded for a period of tme
Flexibility a fexible person or company can work in diferent ways,
at diferent tmes, or in diferent places when it is
necessary
Job insecurity the feeling that they may not be in their job for long.
Performance reviews regular meetngs with their manager
Dismissed if you do something wrong and are forced to leave a
company
Terminated if you do something wrong and are forced to leave a
company
Fired if you do something wrong and are forced to leave a
company
Sacked/ given the sack if you do something wrong and are forced to leave a
company
Laid of when you do nothing wrong and you are forced to leave
a company
Made redundant when you do nothing wrong and you are forced to
leave a company
Ofered early retrement when you do nothing wrong and you are forced to
leave a company
ourplacement advice how to find another job
H8 problems at work
Discriminated against if people are treated diferently from each other in an
unfair way
Seks discriminaton treatment of men and women diferently, especially
, Hoofdstuk 1 Work and jobs
unfair treatment of women
Glass ceiling something that prevents someone from getng a more
important positon in their organizaton
Racial discriminaton unfair treatment of someone because of their race
Racism unfair treatment of someone because of their race
Racist someone who believes that other races are not as good
as their own and therefore treats them unfairly
Afrmatve acton when help is given in educaton and employment to
groups who were previously discriminated against
Equal opportunites when help is given in educaton and employment to
groups who were previously discriminated against
Positve discriminaton when help is given in educaton and employment to
groups who were previously discriminated against
Dignity at work policy a set of rules to prevent employees being badly treated
at work
Bullies/bullying If someone uses his positon or power to hurt or threaten
an employee
A bully Someone who uses his positon or power to hurt or
threaten an employee
Sexual harassment When a employee behaves sexually towards another in a
way that they find unacceptable.
Harass to create an unpleasant or hostle situaton for
especially by uninvited and unwelcome verbal or
physical conduct
Health and safety issues a set of rules intended to protect people from illness or
injury caused by their work
Bad working environment is an environment in which health and safety problems
have been
Health and safety inspectors the government sends the inspectors to make sure the
factories and ofces are safe places to work.
Passive smoking The unwanted breathing in of other people's cigarete
smoke, especially by people who do not smoke
Repettve strain injury (RSI) A medical conditon caused by repeated pressure or
movements, usually leading to pain and weakness in the
hand and arm
Dangerous machinery A group of large machines or large machines in general
which are not safe to work with
Hazardous substances Substances which have a dangerous and involving risk,
especially to someone's health
Fire hazards Something that is dangerous and likely to cause fire
Heatng and air-conditoning The system that keeps a building warm and the electrical
system used for keeping the air in a building, room, or
vehicle cool
First aid Basic medical treatment which is given to someone as
soon as possible afer they have been hurt in an accident
or suddenly become ill
Industrial accidents accidents that happen in an industry such as dangerous
machinery and hazardous substances
H9 Managers, excutves and directors
