NR511 Final Exam
Study Guide latest
updated april 2023
graded A REAL EXAM
NR511 Final Exam
Study Guide
Week 1
1. Define diagnostic reasoning
a. Involves critical thinking in a way that evaluates new
data to support the hypothesis and reduce alternative
hypothesis. This is done by evaluating all the avenues to
reach a conclusion that gives the best evidence to
support the main theory or hypothesis.
b. Examples of diagnostic reasoning are problem solving,
health promotion, and screening for disease or illness.
All of these will require sensitivity, complexity, contest,
and a sense of probability and uncertainty.
2. Discuss and identify subjective & objective data
a. Subjective- what the patient reports as the CC and the
responses to the questions in the interview. Includes
ROS, CC, and HPI
b. Objective – Information gained through exam, labs,
imaging and other diagnostic tests.
3. Discuss and identify the components of the HPI
a. Describes the reason the patient came in and include
information using the acronym OLDCARTS
i. O
n
s
e
t
ii. L
o
c
a
t
, i
o
n
i
i
i
.
D
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
v
.
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
v. Aggravating factors
vi. Relieving Factors
vii. Treatments tried viii. Severity of the level of pain
4. Describe the differences between medical billing and medical
coding
a. Medical billing is the process of submitting and following
up on claims made to a payer in order to receive
payment for medical services rendered by a healthcare
provider.
b. Medical coding is the use of code to communicate with
payers about the procedures performed and why.
5. Compare and contrast the 2 coding classification systems that
are currently used in the
US healthcare system – The two systems need to be in line i.e. the CPT code for the
activity performed should be followed with a relevant Diagnosis for the procedure
performed.
a. ICD 10- the newest version of shorthand for the patients diagnosis. It is
necessary for all diagnosis and procedures performed.
b. CPT- common procedural terminology represented by a 5 digit code that
provides a uniform language to describe medical, surgical, and diagnostic
,services. Allows for tracking of treatments, trend and outcomes. Therer is 3
levels of CPT codes: Category I- used in contemporary medical practice,
Category II -tracking codes used for new or performance measurement, and
Category III- Temporary coding used for new procedures, technology and
services.
i. Catergory I has six sections
, 1. Evaluation and Management
2. Anesthesiology
3. Surgery
4. Radiology
5. Pathology
6. Medicine
6. Discuss how specificity, sensitivity & predictive value contribute to the
usefulness of the diagnostic data
a. Specificity of a test = greater when it has few false
positives no. of true negatives specificity =
no. of all tested indiv, who do not have the dz
b. Sensitivity of a test = greater when it has few false
negatives no. of the true positives sensitivity =
no. of tested indiv that have the dz
c. Predictive value = is in part dependent on the
prevalence of the condition true +
positive predictive value = -----------
all +
true -
Negative predictive value = ---------- all
–
False positive - when a pt that does not have the condition has a positive
reading
False negative - when a pt that does have the condition but has a negative
reading
7. Discuss the elements that need to be considered when developing a plan
a. Diagnostic testing-what tests need to be conducted to clarify assessment
b. Education-specific problems being managed
c. Follow-up: when will the patient be seen again
d. Be honest
e. Negotiate what to cover
8. Describe the components of Medical Decision Making in E&M coding
a. There is three key components the determine risk-based E&M codes i.
History
ii. Physical
iii. Medical Decision Making- a way of quantifying the complexity of the
thinking that is required for the visit. And gives credit for the excess work
involved in management of a more complex patient.
1. Complexity of a visit is based on
a. Risk
b. Data
c. diagnosis
b. Reason for consultation
c. HPI
d. ROS
Study Guide latest
updated april 2023
graded A REAL EXAM
NR511 Final Exam
Study Guide
Week 1
1. Define diagnostic reasoning
a. Involves critical thinking in a way that evaluates new
data to support the hypothesis and reduce alternative
hypothesis. This is done by evaluating all the avenues to
reach a conclusion that gives the best evidence to
support the main theory or hypothesis.
b. Examples of diagnostic reasoning are problem solving,
health promotion, and screening for disease or illness.
All of these will require sensitivity, complexity, contest,
and a sense of probability and uncertainty.
2. Discuss and identify subjective & objective data
a. Subjective- what the patient reports as the CC and the
responses to the questions in the interview. Includes
ROS, CC, and HPI
b. Objective – Information gained through exam, labs,
imaging and other diagnostic tests.
3. Discuss and identify the components of the HPI
a. Describes the reason the patient came in and include
information using the acronym OLDCARTS
i. O
n
s
e
t
ii. L
o
c
a
t
, i
o
n
i
i
i
.
D
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
v
.
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
v. Aggravating factors
vi. Relieving Factors
vii. Treatments tried viii. Severity of the level of pain
4. Describe the differences between medical billing and medical
coding
a. Medical billing is the process of submitting and following
up on claims made to a payer in order to receive
payment for medical services rendered by a healthcare
provider.
b. Medical coding is the use of code to communicate with
payers about the procedures performed and why.
5. Compare and contrast the 2 coding classification systems that
are currently used in the
US healthcare system – The two systems need to be in line i.e. the CPT code for the
activity performed should be followed with a relevant Diagnosis for the procedure
performed.
a. ICD 10- the newest version of shorthand for the patients diagnosis. It is
necessary for all diagnosis and procedures performed.
b. CPT- common procedural terminology represented by a 5 digit code that
provides a uniform language to describe medical, surgical, and diagnostic
,services. Allows for tracking of treatments, trend and outcomes. Therer is 3
levels of CPT codes: Category I- used in contemporary medical practice,
Category II -tracking codes used for new or performance measurement, and
Category III- Temporary coding used for new procedures, technology and
services.
i. Catergory I has six sections
, 1. Evaluation and Management
2. Anesthesiology
3. Surgery
4. Radiology
5. Pathology
6. Medicine
6. Discuss how specificity, sensitivity & predictive value contribute to the
usefulness of the diagnostic data
a. Specificity of a test = greater when it has few false
positives no. of true negatives specificity =
no. of all tested indiv, who do not have the dz
b. Sensitivity of a test = greater when it has few false
negatives no. of the true positives sensitivity =
no. of tested indiv that have the dz
c. Predictive value = is in part dependent on the
prevalence of the condition true +
positive predictive value = -----------
all +
true -
Negative predictive value = ---------- all
–
False positive - when a pt that does not have the condition has a positive
reading
False negative - when a pt that does have the condition but has a negative
reading
7. Discuss the elements that need to be considered when developing a plan
a. Diagnostic testing-what tests need to be conducted to clarify assessment
b. Education-specific problems being managed
c. Follow-up: when will the patient be seen again
d. Be honest
e. Negotiate what to cover
8. Describe the components of Medical Decision Making in E&M coding
a. There is three key components the determine risk-based E&M codes i.
History
ii. Physical
iii. Medical Decision Making- a way of quantifying the complexity of the
thinking that is required for the visit. And gives credit for the excess work
involved in management of a more complex patient.
1. Complexity of a visit is based on
a. Risk
b. Data
c. diagnosis
b. Reason for consultation
c. HPI
d. ROS
