Biology: BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 - Human anatomy and
physiology (100%solved) A guide With Rationales
2024/2025
define anatomy and physiology - ANSWER--anatomy: science of body
structures and the relationships among them
physiology: science of body function
describe the structural organization of the human body from simplest to
most complex - ANSWER--1) chemical: atoms and molecules
2) cellular: molecules combine to form cells
3) tissue: groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work
together to perform a particular function
4) organ: structures composed of two or more different types of tissues;
have specific functions and recognizable shapes
5) system: related organs with a common function
6) organismal: all parts of the human body functioning together
define homeostasis - ANSWER---maintenance of relatively stable
conditions in the body's internal environment
-maintains volume and composition of body fluids
define homeostatic feedback system - ANSWER--cycle of events in
which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed,
remonitored, reevaluated, and so on
, Biology: BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 - Human anatomy and
physiology (100%solved) A guide With Rationales
2024/2025
describe components of homeostatic feedback system - ANSWER--1)
receptor: body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition
and sends input to a control centre
2) control centre: sets the set point within which a controlled condition
should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors, &
generates output commands when they are needed
3) effector: body structure that received output from the control centre
and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled conditions
describe and provide an example of a negative feedback system -
ANSWER---the response of the effector negates the stimulus; body is
brought back into homeostasis; normal range is achieved; leads to
stability
ex/ regulation of blood pressure:
stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing controlled condition (blood
pressure). receptor (baroreceptors) send input (nerve impulse) to control
centre (brain). Brain sends output (nerve impulse) to effector (heart and
blood vessels) . A response (lower heart rate and dilate blood vessels)
occurs which brings blood pressure back to normal range
, Biology: BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 - Human anatomy and
physiology (100%solved) A guide With Rationales
2024/2025
describe and provide an example of a positive feedback system -
ANSWER---the response of the effector increases/reinforces change of
the stimulus
-body is moved away from homeostasis
-normal range is lost
-used to speed up processes
-leads to instability because output becomes progressively stronger as it
is fed back and reamplified
ex/ contractions during childbirth:
stimulus (contractions of uterine wall forcing baby's head into cervix)
increases the controlled condition (stretching of cervix). receptors
(stretch-sensitive nerve cells in cervix) send input (nerve impulse) to the
control centre (brain). Brain sends output (oxytocin) to effectors
(muscles in uterine wall contract) causing a response (body stretches
cervix more). Response increases stimulus until cycle is interrupted
(baby is born)
describe anatomical position - ANSWER---standing erect
-head level, eyes forward
-lower limbs are parallel, feet flat on floor and toes facing forward
-upper limbs are at the sides, palms facing forward
physiology (100%solved) A guide With Rationales
2024/2025
define anatomy and physiology - ANSWER--anatomy: science of body
structures and the relationships among them
physiology: science of body function
describe the structural organization of the human body from simplest to
most complex - ANSWER--1) chemical: atoms and molecules
2) cellular: molecules combine to form cells
3) tissue: groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work
together to perform a particular function
4) organ: structures composed of two or more different types of tissues;
have specific functions and recognizable shapes
5) system: related organs with a common function
6) organismal: all parts of the human body functioning together
define homeostasis - ANSWER---maintenance of relatively stable
conditions in the body's internal environment
-maintains volume and composition of body fluids
define homeostatic feedback system - ANSWER--cycle of events in
which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed,
remonitored, reevaluated, and so on
, Biology: BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 - Human anatomy and
physiology (100%solved) A guide With Rationales
2024/2025
describe components of homeostatic feedback system - ANSWER--1)
receptor: body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition
and sends input to a control centre
2) control centre: sets the set point within which a controlled condition
should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors, &
generates output commands when they are needed
3) effector: body structure that received output from the control centre
and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled conditions
describe and provide an example of a negative feedback system -
ANSWER---the response of the effector negates the stimulus; body is
brought back into homeostasis; normal range is achieved; leads to
stability
ex/ regulation of blood pressure:
stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing controlled condition (blood
pressure). receptor (baroreceptors) send input (nerve impulse) to control
centre (brain). Brain sends output (nerve impulse) to effector (heart and
blood vessels) . A response (lower heart rate and dilate blood vessels)
occurs which brings blood pressure back to normal range
, Biology: BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 - Human anatomy and
physiology (100%solved) A guide With Rationales
2024/2025
describe and provide an example of a positive feedback system -
ANSWER---the response of the effector increases/reinforces change of
the stimulus
-body is moved away from homeostasis
-normal range is lost
-used to speed up processes
-leads to instability because output becomes progressively stronger as it
is fed back and reamplified
ex/ contractions during childbirth:
stimulus (contractions of uterine wall forcing baby's head into cervix)
increases the controlled condition (stretching of cervix). receptors
(stretch-sensitive nerve cells in cervix) send input (nerve impulse) to the
control centre (brain). Brain sends output (oxytocin) to effectors
(muscles in uterine wall contract) causing a response (body stretches
cervix more). Response increases stimulus until cycle is interrupted
(baby is born)
describe anatomical position - ANSWER---standing erect
-head level, eyes forward
-lower limbs are parallel, feet flat on floor and toes facing forward
-upper limbs are at the sides, palms facing forward
