BCBA Exam Study Guide/193
Questions and Answers/100%
Correct
3 Principles of Behavior - -reinforcement, punishment, extinction
-4 Functions of Behavior - -SEAT
Sensory, escape/avoidance, attention, tangible
-Anecdotal Data - -A method of descriptively recording the behavior
emitted by the learner, the response of others, and information about
the environment.
-Antecedent - -What occurs before a behavior that then influences
behavior; an environment or a stimulus change existing or occurring
prior to a behavior of interest
-Applied Behavior Analysis - -The science in which tactics derived from
the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant
behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables
responsible for behavior change; The scientific study of principles of
learning and behavior
-How could you assist in training stakeholders? - -Train stakeholders by
giving them instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback with regard
to behavior skills training
-Attention Function - -A function of behavior in which the individual is
reinforced by receiving attention from others.
-Automatic Reinforcement - -(AKA self-stimming) The behavior itself is
reinforcing and is not dependent on social interaction or receiving a
tangible item.
-Backward Chaining - -Training begins the link with the last behavior in
the sequence.
Trainer performs all but the last step until the learner masters the last
step.
Then trainer performs all but the lasts two steps until learner masters
the last two steps and so on.
-Baseline Data - -Data taken before an intervention takes place.
Describes the existing level of performance.
-Chaining - -A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated
with a particular stimulus condition.
,When components are linked together, they form a chain that produces
a terminal outcome.
-Components of a Written Behavior Plan - -1. Identify, describe, create a
goal for a behavior in observable terms.
2. Assess antecedent/consequence that may maintain behavior.
3. Identify hypothesis of function of behavior.
4. Identify possible replacement behaviors.
5. Select and implement antecedent/consequence based interventions.
6. Create crisis intervention plan.
7. Implementation, modification, generalization and maintenance
procedures.
-Conditioned Response - -A behavior that does not come naturally, but
must be learning by the individual by pairing a neutral stimulus with an
unconditioned stimulus.
-Conditioned Stimulus - -A previous neutral stimulus that, after
repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the
response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself.
-Consequence - -Events that follow behavior and may influence it
including increasing or decreasing it in the future; may be reinforcers or
punishers.
-Contingency - -Refers to an if _______, then ________ relationship
between a behavior and a consequence.
-Continuous Reinforcement Schedule - -Reinforcing one response class
and withholding reinforcement from another response class; behavior
receiving reinforcement should increase while the behavior for which
reinforcement is being withheld should decrease.
-Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors (DRA) - -Focus on
increasing a desirable alternative behavior that directly or indirectly
interfere with the performance of the undesired target behavior (i.e.,
reinforce knitting or giving self manicure instead of biting nails;
reinforce appropriate language use instead of punishing swearing at
others)
-Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors (DRI) - -Similar to
DRA but you choose an alternative behavior to reinforce that, if
performed, would be incompatible with undesired target behavior (i.e.,
playing nicely vs. fighting; on-task behavior vs. off-task behavior; in seat
vs. out of seat; deep breathing vs. yelling)
-Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL) - -Entails reinforcing for
reductions in the frequency of the undesired behavior. Often used when
an individual is engaging in a behavior too frequently (bathroom, calling
out)
, -Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors (DRO) - -Providing a
reinforcer after a particular time frame without the target behavior (i.e.,
engaging in any other behavior except the target behavior) E.g., every 5
minutes without hitting, individual receives a sticker.
-Direct Observation Preference Assessment - -Identify what is
motivating the individual.
The more time spent with an item, the stronger the presumed
preference.
-Discrete Trial Training - -Structured instructional methodology used to
teach new behaviors; Designed to maximize a learner's potential by
presenting information in a three-part teaching unit; Based on
Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (A.k.a ABC; Stimulus-Response-
Consequence); Main objective is to teach children how to learn from
their natural environment and make learning reinforcing.
-Discrimination Training - -Procedure to teach between two targets.
Trial training using phases.
(i.e. phases 1 - 6 Mass Trials of target, Block Trials, and Random
Rotation)
-Discriminative Stimulus (SD) - -Environmental cue or instruction that
signals that reinforcement is available for a target behavior; a type of
stimulus that is used consistently to gain a specific response and that
increases the possibility that the desired response will occur.
-Duration Data - -Data that is a calculation of the amount of time a
behavior occurs.
The amount of time a response is performed.
Track from onset to offset.
Typically used for behaviors that last too long or too short. (i.e. on task
behavior, social interactions, engaging in stereotypy)
-Echoic - -A type of verbal operant that occurs when the speaker
repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker; Occurs in response to
other verbal behavior; Listener is "echoing" what they hear
-Errorless Learning - -Teaching procedures that are designed in such a
way that the learning does not have to - and does not - make mistakes
as she or he learns new information or procedures.
DTT is Errorless Learning.
-Escape/Avoidance Function - -A function of behavior to escape or avoid
having to do something.
-Ethical - -Pertaining to right and wrong in conduct; Being in accordance
with the rules or standard for right conduct or practice.
Questions and Answers/100%
Correct
3 Principles of Behavior - -reinforcement, punishment, extinction
-4 Functions of Behavior - -SEAT
Sensory, escape/avoidance, attention, tangible
-Anecdotal Data - -A method of descriptively recording the behavior
emitted by the learner, the response of others, and information about
the environment.
-Antecedent - -What occurs before a behavior that then influences
behavior; an environment or a stimulus change existing or occurring
prior to a behavior of interest
-Applied Behavior Analysis - -The science in which tactics derived from
the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant
behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables
responsible for behavior change; The scientific study of principles of
learning and behavior
-How could you assist in training stakeholders? - -Train stakeholders by
giving them instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback with regard
to behavior skills training
-Attention Function - -A function of behavior in which the individual is
reinforced by receiving attention from others.
-Automatic Reinforcement - -(AKA self-stimming) The behavior itself is
reinforcing and is not dependent on social interaction or receiving a
tangible item.
-Backward Chaining - -Training begins the link with the last behavior in
the sequence.
Trainer performs all but the last step until the learner masters the last
step.
Then trainer performs all but the lasts two steps until learner masters
the last two steps and so on.
-Baseline Data - -Data taken before an intervention takes place.
Describes the existing level of performance.
-Chaining - -A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated
with a particular stimulus condition.
,When components are linked together, they form a chain that produces
a terminal outcome.
-Components of a Written Behavior Plan - -1. Identify, describe, create a
goal for a behavior in observable terms.
2. Assess antecedent/consequence that may maintain behavior.
3. Identify hypothesis of function of behavior.
4. Identify possible replacement behaviors.
5. Select and implement antecedent/consequence based interventions.
6. Create crisis intervention plan.
7. Implementation, modification, generalization and maintenance
procedures.
-Conditioned Response - -A behavior that does not come naturally, but
must be learning by the individual by pairing a neutral stimulus with an
unconditioned stimulus.
-Conditioned Stimulus - -A previous neutral stimulus that, after
repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the
response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself.
-Consequence - -Events that follow behavior and may influence it
including increasing or decreasing it in the future; may be reinforcers or
punishers.
-Contingency - -Refers to an if _______, then ________ relationship
between a behavior and a consequence.
-Continuous Reinforcement Schedule - -Reinforcing one response class
and withholding reinforcement from another response class; behavior
receiving reinforcement should increase while the behavior for which
reinforcement is being withheld should decrease.
-Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors (DRA) - -Focus on
increasing a desirable alternative behavior that directly or indirectly
interfere with the performance of the undesired target behavior (i.e.,
reinforce knitting or giving self manicure instead of biting nails;
reinforce appropriate language use instead of punishing swearing at
others)
-Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors (DRI) - -Similar to
DRA but you choose an alternative behavior to reinforce that, if
performed, would be incompatible with undesired target behavior (i.e.,
playing nicely vs. fighting; on-task behavior vs. off-task behavior; in seat
vs. out of seat; deep breathing vs. yelling)
-Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL) - -Entails reinforcing for
reductions in the frequency of the undesired behavior. Often used when
an individual is engaging in a behavior too frequently (bathroom, calling
out)
, -Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors (DRO) - -Providing a
reinforcer after a particular time frame without the target behavior (i.e.,
engaging in any other behavior except the target behavior) E.g., every 5
minutes without hitting, individual receives a sticker.
-Direct Observation Preference Assessment - -Identify what is
motivating the individual.
The more time spent with an item, the stronger the presumed
preference.
-Discrete Trial Training - -Structured instructional methodology used to
teach new behaviors; Designed to maximize a learner's potential by
presenting information in a three-part teaching unit; Based on
Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (A.k.a ABC; Stimulus-Response-
Consequence); Main objective is to teach children how to learn from
their natural environment and make learning reinforcing.
-Discrimination Training - -Procedure to teach between two targets.
Trial training using phases.
(i.e. phases 1 - 6 Mass Trials of target, Block Trials, and Random
Rotation)
-Discriminative Stimulus (SD) - -Environmental cue or instruction that
signals that reinforcement is available for a target behavior; a type of
stimulus that is used consistently to gain a specific response and that
increases the possibility that the desired response will occur.
-Duration Data - -Data that is a calculation of the amount of time a
behavior occurs.
The amount of time a response is performed.
Track from onset to offset.
Typically used for behaviors that last too long or too short. (i.e. on task
behavior, social interactions, engaging in stereotypy)
-Echoic - -A type of verbal operant that occurs when the speaker
repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker; Occurs in response to
other verbal behavior; Listener is "echoing" what they hear
-Errorless Learning - -Teaching procedures that are designed in such a
way that the learning does not have to - and does not - make mistakes
as she or he learns new information or procedures.
DTT is Errorless Learning.
-Escape/Avoidance Function - -A function of behavior to escape or avoid
having to do something.
-Ethical - -Pertaining to right and wrong in conduct; Being in accordance
with the rules or standard for right conduct or practice.
