LATEST DR. JOHNSON ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW (CH 13) QUICKPASS

What is the difference between haploid, diploid and polyploid? - haploid (n) the number of distinct types of chromosomes present (ex: humans & fungi) - diploid (2n) are organisms that have two homologs of each chromosome and have two alleles for each gene (ex: humans) - polyploid are organism with three or more sets (ex: plants) How does understanding what homologous pairs of chromosomes are to help us understand how the overall genetic diversity of a cell is reduced during meiosis? it helps us determine which type of process is taking place within meiosis gene is a section of DNA that influences one or more traits allele different versions of a specific gene sex chromosomes a pair of chromosomes determining the biological sex in some animals How do gene and allele help us understand the nature of homologous pairs of chromosomes? Different versions of a specific gene are called alleles in which homologs contain different alleles homologous chromosomes aka homologs or homologous pair - chromosomes of the same type - contains the same gene in the same position (loci) along a chromosome, but are not identical karotype the number and types of chromosomes present in a species gametogensis daughter cells that become sperm or eggs (meiosis I reduces the chromosome number) What is the end result of meiosis? 4 haploid daughter cells How does the end result of meiosis differ from mitosis? - mitosis end with 2 diploid daughter cells - meiosis ends with 4 haploid daughter cells - reduction division How is the diploid condition restored in the next generation? through fertilization Fertilization Fusion of an egg and sperm cell resulting in the full complement of chromosomes; half of mom's and half of dad's When in meiosis are differences in the genetic make-up of daughter cells obtained? during the crossing over process what is independent assortment (of homologous pairs)?