UNIT 4
,Content
• Respiratory System Anatomy
• Pulmonary Ventilation
• Lung Volume and Capacities
• Exchange and Transport of O2 and Co2
• Control of Respiration
,Respiration
Respiration : O2/Co2
Respiration rate varies with age and between 12-16/minutes in
adults.
External respiration (Ventilation) :exchange of gases in lungs or
breathing
Internal respiration/Cellular respiration : use of oxygen in cellular
metabolism [between blood and tissue]
Phases : expiration and Inspiration
, Anatomy of Respiratory System
• RS is an organ system that rhythmically takes air in and expels it from the
• Major function of RS:
• Gas exchange , communication, olfaction, acid-base balance, blood press
regulation, blood and lymph flow, blood filtration, expulsion of abdomina
contents, Defense mechanism.
• Defense mechanism – lungs’ own
Defense mechanism (defensins and
Cathelicidins- antimicrobial), leukocytes
(neutrophils & lymphocytes), Macrophages
(interleukins, tumor necrosis factor and
Chemokines), Mast cells(hypersensitivity
Reaction), Natural killer cells (virus and cancer)
,Content
• Respiratory System Anatomy
• Pulmonary Ventilation
• Lung Volume and Capacities
• Exchange and Transport of O2 and Co2
• Control of Respiration
,Respiration
Respiration : O2/Co2
Respiration rate varies with age and between 12-16/minutes in
adults.
External respiration (Ventilation) :exchange of gases in lungs or
breathing
Internal respiration/Cellular respiration : use of oxygen in cellular
metabolism [between blood and tissue]
Phases : expiration and Inspiration
, Anatomy of Respiratory System
• RS is an organ system that rhythmically takes air in and expels it from the
• Major function of RS:
• Gas exchange , communication, olfaction, acid-base balance, blood press
regulation, blood and lymph flow, blood filtration, expulsion of abdomina
contents, Defense mechanism.
• Defense mechanism – lungs’ own
Defense mechanism (defensins and
Cathelicidins- antimicrobial), leukocytes
(neutrophils & lymphocytes), Macrophages
(interleukins, tumor necrosis factor and
Chemokines), Mast cells(hypersensitivity
Reaction), Natural killer cells (virus and cancer)
