Maternal Child Nursing Care Chapter 9 Maternal and Fetal Nutrition review year 2024

3 Some patients decrease their food intake during pregnancy for fear of weight gain. This may affect fetal development. Therefore the nurse should teach the patient to maintain adequate nutrition. When the patient delivers the baby and begins to breastfeed, this will aid postpartum weight loss. However, most of the weight is lost after the child's birth due to reduction of fat. There is no evidence that reduced consumption of carbohydrates may cause fetal obesity. Fetal obesity can happen as a result of maternal obesity. Lack of proper nutrition causes ketonuria, which may lead to preterm delivery, not a delay in the delivery. Ketonuria happens because the body breaks down fats for energy because of the lack of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates and proteins are essential for fetal development. Therefore the nurse should suggest the patient eat a balanced diet, rather than increasing the intake of protein. - answersThe nurse notices that a pregnant patient is worried about gaining weight and has stayed away from eating foods high in carbohydrates. What should the nurse do to ensure adequate nutrition? 1 Inform the patient that lack of proper nutrition may delay the newborn's delivery date. 2 Suggest the patient increase her protein intake to compensate for the carbohydrate levels. 3 Inform the patient that breastfeeding aids in losing the weight gained during pregnancy. 4 Inform the patient that a decreased intake of carbohydrates during pregnancy causes fetal obesity. 1, 3 Grapes and apricots are some of the fruits that are common in the diets followed in the Middle East. Therefore the nurse should teach the patient to include grapes and apricots in the diet to improve the nutritional status. Peaches, star fruit, and pomegranates are not popular fruits in Middle East. Peaches are the most common fruits for Native American groups. Star fruit is a fruit commonly eaten by people in Chinese communities. Pomegranates are popular in Italian communities. - answersThe nurse instructs a Middle Eastern patient who is pregnant regarding the importance of including a good amount of fruits in the diet to improve folate levels in the body. Which fruits should the nurse recommend to the patient? Select all that apply. 1 Grapes 2 Peaches 3 Apricots 4 Star fruit 5 Pomegranates 57 The recommended weight gain for an underweight pregnant patient is 0.5 kg per week, according to the pattern of weight gain. Because the patient weighed 55 kg in the third month of pregnancy, the recommended weight gain in the fourth month would be 0.5 kg x 4 = 2 kg. Therefore the possible weight of the patient in the fourth month of pregnancy would be 55 + 2 = 57 kg. - answersA patient weighs 55 kg in the third month of pregnancy. After reviewing the reports, the nurse finds that the patient was underweight before pregnancy. What would be the recommended weight of the patient in the fourth month of pregnancy according to weight gain pattern? Record your answer using a whole number. ______ kg 2, 3 Consumption of alcohol by a lactating mother would affect the health of the infant. Maternal alcohol consumption causes delayed psychomotor development in the infant. Alcohol also inhibits the milk ejection reflex, so the infant may not be able to suck milk. The inability to produce milk is a side effect of smoking. Caffeine intake can lead to a reduced iron concentration in milk and causes the development of anemia in the infant. Caffeine does affect the activity levels of the mother but does not cause insomnia in the infant. - answersA patient tells the nurse, "I abstained from alcohol throughout my pregnancy, but now that I have delivered my baby, I want to be able to drink alcohol." What should the nurse inform the patient? Select all that apply. 1 "You would not be able to produce sufficient milk for the baby." 2 "Your child may develop psychomotor retardation if you drink." 3 "Your child would not be able to suck milk if you have alcohol." 4 "Your child may become anemic if you drink any form of alcohol." 5 "Your child would not be able sleep properly if you have alcohol." 2 Vitamin D plays a key role in the absorption and metabolism of calcium. A severe deficiency of vitamin D leads to tetany, neonatal hypocalcemia, and hypoplasia of tooth enamel. Thus the patient is most likely to have the risk for tetany. Goiter, ketonuria, and macrosomia are not related to vitamin D deficiency. Goiters occur because of an iodine deficiency. Ketonuria is the presence of ketones in urine and happens in patients with diabetes mellitus. Macrosomia is a risk that can happen with obese women during pregnancy. - answersThe nurse observes that a patient has a decreased vitamin D level during a prenatal visit. Which associated risk should the nurse suspect to observe in the patient? 1 Goiter 2 Tetany 3 Ketonuria 4 Macrosomia 3