Important terms and exam questions to study for Oncology, partial exam 2,
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (AB_1184)
This is only for the second part of the exam, I have another document too, which is about the
first part of the exam. Study these terms and questions well, and you will be guaranteed to
pass your exam!
What is phosphatidylserine? ---> In normal vital cells it is found on inside, and it
flips to outside during apoptosis, which is then recognized by macrophages and
neighboring cells for apoptosis
The molecule of apoptotic cells that is recognized by macrophages and neighboring
cells is called: ---> phosphatidylserine
How can you typically identify apoptotic bodies when cells are stained on the
nucleus? ---> Apoptotic bodies are recognized by condensed spheres
What is a zymogen? ---> An inactive enzyme precursor
Which two cleavages have to be made on caspases to become active? ---> 1.
Spacer is removed: large subunit domain binds to small subunit domain
2. Pro-domain is removed
FAS activates the intrinsic/extrinsic apoptosis pathway ---> extrinsic
C-flip inhibits/stimulates apoptosis in the intrinsic/extrinsic apoptosis pathway --->
inhibits; extrinsic
Which one completely inhibits caspase 8 activation? C-flip short or c-flip long? --->
C-slip short
Intrinsic apoptosis pathway leads to activation of: ---> Caspase 9
Extrinsic apoptosis pathway leads to activation of: ---> Caspase 8
What in essence do the Bcl-2 family do? ---> Regulate permeability of
mitochondrion membrane (and therefore regulate apoptosis)
Where in the mitochondrion do Bcl-2 proteins bind? ---> Outer membrane
Bcl-2 is an inhibitor/activator of the apoptosis pathway ---> Inhibitor
, BAX is an inhibitor/activator of the apoptosis pathway? And why? ---> Activator,
because when BAX binds to the mitochondria, the mitochondrion releases
cytochrome C, which activates caspase 9, which activates caspase 3/6/7, and they
induce apoptosis
In the extrinsic pathway, caspase 8 can indirectly induce the intrinsic apoptosis
pathway via: ---> Bid protein
Intrinsic apoptosis pathway is also called the: ---> mitochondrial pathway
Extrinsic apoptosis pathway is also called the: ---> death-receptor mediated
pathway
What are 3 extrinsic apoptosis pathway death receptors? ---> TNF alpha; FAS and
TRAIL
What kind of drug is Venetoclax? ---> A Bcl-2 inhibitor
What kind of drug is Vorinostat? ---> Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor; acts to
induce the expression of epigenetically suppressed genes (induces the expression of
the pro-apoptotic protein Bid)
Vorinostat induces the expression of: ---> Bid (a pro-apoptotic protein)
Bid protein is anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic? ---> Pro-apoptotic
DNA damage induces apoptosis via:
A Caspase 9 activation
B Induction of p53 expression
C Caspase 3 activation
D All three of the above mentioned answers are correct ---> D All three of the
above mentioned answers are correct
What are pluripotent stem cells? ---> These cells have the ability to grow into most
of the cells in the body.
What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)? ---> Any cell, even a highly
differentiated cell in the adult body, that has been genetically reprogrammed to mimic
the pluripotent behavior of embryonic stem cells
Turnover rate of epithelial cells is __ days ---> 60
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (AB_1184)
This is only for the second part of the exam, I have another document too, which is about the
first part of the exam. Study these terms and questions well, and you will be guaranteed to
pass your exam!
What is phosphatidylserine? ---> In normal vital cells it is found on inside, and it
flips to outside during apoptosis, which is then recognized by macrophages and
neighboring cells for apoptosis
The molecule of apoptotic cells that is recognized by macrophages and neighboring
cells is called: ---> phosphatidylserine
How can you typically identify apoptotic bodies when cells are stained on the
nucleus? ---> Apoptotic bodies are recognized by condensed spheres
What is a zymogen? ---> An inactive enzyme precursor
Which two cleavages have to be made on caspases to become active? ---> 1.
Spacer is removed: large subunit domain binds to small subunit domain
2. Pro-domain is removed
FAS activates the intrinsic/extrinsic apoptosis pathway ---> extrinsic
C-flip inhibits/stimulates apoptosis in the intrinsic/extrinsic apoptosis pathway --->
inhibits; extrinsic
Which one completely inhibits caspase 8 activation? C-flip short or c-flip long? --->
C-slip short
Intrinsic apoptosis pathway leads to activation of: ---> Caspase 9
Extrinsic apoptosis pathway leads to activation of: ---> Caspase 8
What in essence do the Bcl-2 family do? ---> Regulate permeability of
mitochondrion membrane (and therefore regulate apoptosis)
Where in the mitochondrion do Bcl-2 proteins bind? ---> Outer membrane
Bcl-2 is an inhibitor/activator of the apoptosis pathway ---> Inhibitor
, BAX is an inhibitor/activator of the apoptosis pathway? And why? ---> Activator,
because when BAX binds to the mitochondria, the mitochondrion releases
cytochrome C, which activates caspase 9, which activates caspase 3/6/7, and they
induce apoptosis
In the extrinsic pathway, caspase 8 can indirectly induce the intrinsic apoptosis
pathway via: ---> Bid protein
Intrinsic apoptosis pathway is also called the: ---> mitochondrial pathway
Extrinsic apoptosis pathway is also called the: ---> death-receptor mediated
pathway
What are 3 extrinsic apoptosis pathway death receptors? ---> TNF alpha; FAS and
TRAIL
What kind of drug is Venetoclax? ---> A Bcl-2 inhibitor
What kind of drug is Vorinostat? ---> Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor; acts to
induce the expression of epigenetically suppressed genes (induces the expression of
the pro-apoptotic protein Bid)
Vorinostat induces the expression of: ---> Bid (a pro-apoptotic protein)
Bid protein is anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic? ---> Pro-apoptotic
DNA damage induces apoptosis via:
A Caspase 9 activation
B Induction of p53 expression
C Caspase 3 activation
D All three of the above mentioned answers are correct ---> D All three of the
above mentioned answers are correct
What are pluripotent stem cells? ---> These cells have the ability to grow into most
of the cells in the body.
What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)? ---> Any cell, even a highly
differentiated cell in the adult body, that has been genetically reprogrammed to mimic
the pluripotent behavior of embryonic stem cells
Turnover rate of epithelial cells is __ days ---> 60
