blue= cooling something off
red=heating something up
solid to liquid = melting
liquid to gas = evaporation
solid to gas= sublimation
liquid to solid= solidification/ freezing
gas to liquid= condensation
gas to solid= deposition
A thermometer lets you measure temperatures. The unit of temperature that is widely used
in everyday life is the degree Celsius (°C).
• If you measure the temperature of the air with a thermometer, you get a numeric value that
is independent of your sense of touch.
• A liquid thermometer consists of a reservoir and a riser capillary with a graduated scale
alongside. In a liquid thermometer, the liquid in the capillary tube rises when the temperature
goes up. This is because the liquid expands.
• The Celsius temperature scale is based on two fixed points: the temperature of melting ice
is 0 °C and the temperature of boiling water is 100 °C. The range in between is split up into a
hundred equal parts.
• The difference between the lowest and highest ranges that you can measure with the
thermometer is called the measurement range.
• On a digital thermometer, you read the temperature off from a screen. This type of
thermometer works electronically.
, 3.4
When water reaches the boiling point and starts to boil, the bubbles of water vapor that
appear can reach the surface of the water.
boiling= the process in which liquid evaporates not only at the the surface but throughout
the liquid
boiling point= the temperature at which the liquid starts to boi
l
when the water is boiling the temperature remains the same until it has all evaporated.
every characteristic has its own boiling point, and this is an important characteristic of a
substance.
When you want to heat up a solid, you first have to reach the melting point.
for example; a ice cube only melts when it reaches 0 degrees celsius .
when a liquid becomes a solid it also has to reach its solidification point, with water this is
called the freezing point.
melting point: the temperature at which substance melts.
freezing point: the temperature at which a substance starts to freeze
when you want to lower the freezing or melting point
you can add a suitable substance like antifreeze or salt
antifreeze = a mixture of water and salt to get snow away
diagrams
if you heat up a solid substance and measure its temperature regularly before, during and
after melting, you can make a melting diagram
the temperature starts to increase by 69 degrees celsius bc it is the best temperature; it is
not too hot or too cold
if you cool a liquid substance and measure its temperature regularly before, during and after
solidification, you can make a solidification diagram
the temperature drops to 69 degrees celsius
( for test study how to make a temperature diagram )
red=heating something up
solid to liquid = melting
liquid to gas = evaporation
solid to gas= sublimation
liquid to solid= solidification/ freezing
gas to liquid= condensation
gas to solid= deposition
A thermometer lets you measure temperatures. The unit of temperature that is widely used
in everyday life is the degree Celsius (°C).
• If you measure the temperature of the air with a thermometer, you get a numeric value that
is independent of your sense of touch.
• A liquid thermometer consists of a reservoir and a riser capillary with a graduated scale
alongside. In a liquid thermometer, the liquid in the capillary tube rises when the temperature
goes up. This is because the liquid expands.
• The Celsius temperature scale is based on two fixed points: the temperature of melting ice
is 0 °C and the temperature of boiling water is 100 °C. The range in between is split up into a
hundred equal parts.
• The difference between the lowest and highest ranges that you can measure with the
thermometer is called the measurement range.
• On a digital thermometer, you read the temperature off from a screen. This type of
thermometer works electronically.
, 3.4
When water reaches the boiling point and starts to boil, the bubbles of water vapor that
appear can reach the surface of the water.
boiling= the process in which liquid evaporates not only at the the surface but throughout
the liquid
boiling point= the temperature at which the liquid starts to boi
l
when the water is boiling the temperature remains the same until it has all evaporated.
every characteristic has its own boiling point, and this is an important characteristic of a
substance.
When you want to heat up a solid, you first have to reach the melting point.
for example; a ice cube only melts when it reaches 0 degrees celsius .
when a liquid becomes a solid it also has to reach its solidification point, with water this is
called the freezing point.
melting point: the temperature at which substance melts.
freezing point: the temperature at which a substance starts to freeze
when you want to lower the freezing or melting point
you can add a suitable substance like antifreeze or salt
antifreeze = a mixture of water and salt to get snow away
diagrams
if you heat up a solid substance and measure its temperature regularly before, during and
after melting, you can make a melting diagram
the temperature starts to increase by 69 degrees celsius bc it is the best temperature; it is
not too hot or too cold
if you cool a liquid substance and measure its temperature regularly before, during and after
solidification, you can make a solidification diagram
the temperature drops to 69 degrees celsius
( for test study how to make a temperature diagram )
