Hesi Pathophysiology Practice Exam Questions with accurate rationale answers. Graded A+

After talking w/ the HCP, a male pt continues to have questions about the results of a prostatic surface antigen (PSA) screening test and asks the nurse how the PSA levels become elevated. The nurse should explain which pathophysiological mechanism? - As the prostate gland enlarges, its cells contribute more PSA in the circulating blood PSA is a glycoprotein found in prostatic epithelial cells, and elevations are used as a specific tumor markers. Elevations in PSA are r/t gland volume, ie. benign BPH, prostatitis, and cancer of the prostate, indicating tumor cell load. PSA levels are also used to monitor response to therapy A 26 yr old male client w/ Hodgkin's disease is scheduled to undergo radiation therapy. The clinet expresses concern about the effect of radiation on his ability to have children. What info should the nurse provide? - Permanent sterility occurs in the male client who receive radiation Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males w/ Hodgkin's disease b/f any therapy. Radiotherapy often results in permanent aspermia, or sterility The nurse hears short, high-pitched sounds just b/f the end of inspiration in the right and left lower lobes when auscultating a client's lungs. How should this finding be recorded? - Crackles in the right and left lower lobes Fine crackles - short, high-pitched sounds heard just b/f the end of inspiration that are the result of rapid equalization of pressure when collaped alveoli or terminal bronchioles suddenly snap open Wheezing is a continuous high-pitched squeaking or musical sound caused by rapid vibration of bronchial walls that are 1st evident on expiration and may be audible