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Lifespan Development – DQ 2 DQs Week 2
2.One of the areas of social & emotional development studied by developmental psychologists is the
concept of infant attachment to a parent or caregiver. The process of attachment typically occurs during the 5th to the 9th month of life. Review John Bowlby & Ainsworth's attachment theory. How important is it for infants to form a good attachment to their caregivers? Pick one of the attachment theories, give an example, & explain a good or a problem that could occur with attachment. #1
In the attachment theory, an infant explores & forms emotional bonds with their caregivers & that later provides a base & shape future upcoming relationships. I choose Bowlby’s attachment theory because it
conveys that the infant’s confidence surely develops when the caregiver is being explored to see whether that the mother or father is a safe base for exploration such as affection & reliability (Boyd, 2015). In the Bowlby model it is crucial to know that communication among romantic partners are effective & adaptive, if not the infant models that behavior & can continue into adulthood where the same model is reinforced. In other words, it is imperative that a bond with the caregiver is securely established because anything the parents do, the infant will do because the caregivers are the infant’s model. Social referencing plays a role which explains that infant’s around 12 to 16 months can face check their mother or father to see whether their facial cues is happy or concerned, depending on the face, the infant will respond equivalently (Boyd, 2015). For example, if the infant is at the hospital & the health care provider is doing a check-up on the infant, the infant will look for cues to help guide their emotions on any given situation, whether being happy if the mother is happy, or if they see the mother is concerned the infant will respond accordingly to what he/she sees. In contrast, when a problem arises
with attachment the child will later be affected in behavior problems later in life, for example, Ramch& ani, (2015) says a father is crucial for the development of the infant, if the father does not engage in father-infant activities in the early months of life are at risk for developing behavior problems such as excessive aggressiveness later in childhood. To conclude, it is important to secure attachments to infants at an early age to help develop cognitive & social growth which will later serve them when it is continued into adulthood.
Boyd, D. (2015). Lifespan Development: Social & Personality Development in Infancy: Boston, MA: Pearson.
1.Young infants need sufficient stimulation & order in their environments to maximize the early period of rapid growth. Give an example of some type of stimulation that can be used by caregivers to invigorate the brain's ability to respond to experiences. #1
Young infants need sufficient stimulation in order to increase their senses & absorb information that they encounter through the environment. It is critical that stimulation is used because by doing this the
infant can improve motor skills, raise awareness of how the world works, & contribute to language acquisition. Also early studies have been conducted & has been proven that as early as 1 month, babies
can distinguish between special sounds like pa & da (Trehub & Rabinovich, 1972). For example, a newborn hear sounds in the womb & can distinguish between the sounds & tell which is the mother’s voice (Doorley, 2013). Most infants preferably go with the mother’s voice because of utero learning, this https://www.coursehero.com/file/45822293/PHIL-347N-Week-2-Discussion-Question-1-2docx/This study source was downloaded by 100000834430951 from CourseHero.com on 11-02-2021 14:10:13 GMT -05:00means babies learn while the mother is talking to them & they listen & remember after they are born. Additionally, by using language inquisition such as the mother using words that relate to what the infant
is experiencing than it can increase cognitive growth. An example is, an airplane flies by, the infant clearly hears it, the mother says “Do you hear the airplane? What does it sound like? wooosh.” This gives meaning & clarity to the baby & it is exp& ing their stimulation to the environment.
Boyd, D. (2015). Lifespan Development: Physical, Sensory, & Perceptual Development in Infancy: Boston, MA: Pearson.
Doorley, R. (2013). Sensory Play: Early Exploration Through the Senses. Tinkerlab. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/parents/child-development/sensory-play/developing-& -cultivating-skills-through- sensory-play/sensory-play-early-exploration-through-the-senses/
Critical Reasoning – DQ 1 1.Philosopher Peter Singer suggests that we are morally responsible for saving people who are starving in the world. Singer holds that if we saw a baby drowning in a pool, we would be morally obliged to save the baby, even if doing so would come at some cost to ourselves. From this, Singer concludes that we similarly have a duty to save starving people, even though doing so would come at some cost to ourselves. Do you agree? Why
or why not? #1
I strongly agree with philosopher Peter Singer that we are morally obliged to save a baby, even doing would come at some cost to ourselves. I am a person that would do not think of the consequences of saving the baby but save a life that is in danger. A baby is helpless & is not fully mature to be fully aware of the environment & so helping a baby is a duty that we all equally are involved in doing. In the article Peter Singer describes how our government does not have a duty to save starving people because the people do not see it as a duty & as importance. Because the people in society do not feel ashamed of spending their money in things that are wanting & not necessary, such as a new car, new clothes, & etcetera (Singer, 1972). For example, new clothes are bought for the purpose of fashion & looks (want) & it is not bought for the (need) for which we wear clothes to keep us warm. The vision is that helping save starving people is an alternative move to make because members of society escape their responsibilities because one overseas aid to be a government’s responsibility & not the individual’s (Singer, 1972). So this means that our society is driven & prioritizing materialistic goods & services as a focus of importance & this clouds their moral judgment that their duty to save starving people is an alternative one. This can also mean that if the man/woman who sees the baby drowning in the pool would assume that they are less obligated to pull the baby out the pool because they saw a group of people who also saw the baby drowning, this is not the case, the only cost is getting your clothes wet from the pool, or a good consequence feeling good that you have saved a life. I agree if I was in these situations I would do my best to help those in need because it is my duty & responsibility of a human being.
Singer. P. (1972). Famine, Affluence, & Morality. Philosophy & Public Affairs, vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring 1972), pp. 229-243 [revised edition] Retrieved from http://www.utilitarian.net/singer/by/1972----.htm
https://www.coursehero.com/file/45822293/PHIL-347N-Week-2-Discussion-Question-1-2docx/
Lifespan Development – DQ 2 DQs Week 2
2.One of the areas of social & emotional development studied by developmental psychologists is the
concept of infant attachment to a parent or caregiver. The process of attachment typically occurs during the 5th to the 9th month of life. Review John Bowlby & Ainsworth's attachment theory. How important is it for infants to form a good attachment to their caregivers? Pick one of the attachment theories, give an example, & explain a good or a problem that could occur with attachment. #1
In the attachment theory, an infant explores & forms emotional bonds with their caregivers & that later provides a base & shape future upcoming relationships. I choose Bowlby’s attachment theory because it
conveys that the infant’s confidence surely develops when the caregiver is being explored to see whether that the mother or father is a safe base for exploration such as affection & reliability (Boyd, 2015). In the Bowlby model it is crucial to know that communication among romantic partners are effective & adaptive, if not the infant models that behavior & can continue into adulthood where the same model is reinforced. In other words, it is imperative that a bond with the caregiver is securely established because anything the parents do, the infant will do because the caregivers are the infant’s model. Social referencing plays a role which explains that infant’s around 12 to 16 months can face check their mother or father to see whether their facial cues is happy or concerned, depending on the face, the infant will respond equivalently (Boyd, 2015). For example, if the infant is at the hospital & the health care provider is doing a check-up on the infant, the infant will look for cues to help guide their emotions on any given situation, whether being happy if the mother is happy, or if they see the mother is concerned the infant will respond accordingly to what he/she sees. In contrast, when a problem arises
with attachment the child will later be affected in behavior problems later in life, for example, Ramch& ani, (2015) says a father is crucial for the development of the infant, if the father does not engage in father-infant activities in the early months of life are at risk for developing behavior problems such as excessive aggressiveness later in childhood. To conclude, it is important to secure attachments to infants at an early age to help develop cognitive & social growth which will later serve them when it is continued into adulthood.
Boyd, D. (2015). Lifespan Development: Social & Personality Development in Infancy: Boston, MA: Pearson.
1.Young infants need sufficient stimulation & order in their environments to maximize the early period of rapid growth. Give an example of some type of stimulation that can be used by caregivers to invigorate the brain's ability to respond to experiences. #1
Young infants need sufficient stimulation in order to increase their senses & absorb information that they encounter through the environment. It is critical that stimulation is used because by doing this the
infant can improve motor skills, raise awareness of how the world works, & contribute to language acquisition. Also early studies have been conducted & has been proven that as early as 1 month, babies
can distinguish between special sounds like pa & da (Trehub & Rabinovich, 1972). For example, a newborn hear sounds in the womb & can distinguish between the sounds & tell which is the mother’s voice (Doorley, 2013). Most infants preferably go with the mother’s voice because of utero learning, this https://www.coursehero.com/file/45822293/PHIL-347N-Week-2-Discussion-Question-1-2docx/This study source was downloaded by 100000834430951 from CourseHero.com on 11-02-2021 14:10:13 GMT -05:00means babies learn while the mother is talking to them & they listen & remember after they are born. Additionally, by using language inquisition such as the mother using words that relate to what the infant
is experiencing than it can increase cognitive growth. An example is, an airplane flies by, the infant clearly hears it, the mother says “Do you hear the airplane? What does it sound like? wooosh.” This gives meaning & clarity to the baby & it is exp& ing their stimulation to the environment.
Boyd, D. (2015). Lifespan Development: Physical, Sensory, & Perceptual Development in Infancy: Boston, MA: Pearson.
Doorley, R. (2013). Sensory Play: Early Exploration Through the Senses. Tinkerlab. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/parents/child-development/sensory-play/developing-& -cultivating-skills-through- sensory-play/sensory-play-early-exploration-through-the-senses/
Critical Reasoning – DQ 1 1.Philosopher Peter Singer suggests that we are morally responsible for saving people who are starving in the world. Singer holds that if we saw a baby drowning in a pool, we would be morally obliged to save the baby, even if doing so would come at some cost to ourselves. From this, Singer concludes that we similarly have a duty to save starving people, even though doing so would come at some cost to ourselves. Do you agree? Why
or why not? #1
I strongly agree with philosopher Peter Singer that we are morally obliged to save a baby, even doing would come at some cost to ourselves. I am a person that would do not think of the consequences of saving the baby but save a life that is in danger. A baby is helpless & is not fully mature to be fully aware of the environment & so helping a baby is a duty that we all equally are involved in doing. In the article Peter Singer describes how our government does not have a duty to save starving people because the people do not see it as a duty & as importance. Because the people in society do not feel ashamed of spending their money in things that are wanting & not necessary, such as a new car, new clothes, & etcetera (Singer, 1972). For example, new clothes are bought for the purpose of fashion & looks (want) & it is not bought for the (need) for which we wear clothes to keep us warm. The vision is that helping save starving people is an alternative move to make because members of society escape their responsibilities because one overseas aid to be a government’s responsibility & not the individual’s (Singer, 1972). So this means that our society is driven & prioritizing materialistic goods & services as a focus of importance & this clouds their moral judgment that their duty to save starving people is an alternative one. This can also mean that if the man/woman who sees the baby drowning in the pool would assume that they are less obligated to pull the baby out the pool because they saw a group of people who also saw the baby drowning, this is not the case, the only cost is getting your clothes wet from the pool, or a good consequence feeling good that you have saved a life. I agree if I was in these situations I would do my best to help those in need because it is my duty & responsibility of a human being.
Singer. P. (1972). Famine, Affluence, & Morality. Philosophy & Public Affairs, vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring 1972), pp. 229-243 [revised edition] Retrieved from http://www.utilitarian.net/singer/by/1972----.htm
