NBME Biochemistry Shelf Exam 2024 Updated Questions
and Answers
What neurotransmitter stimulates release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla?
acetylcholine
What is a metabolite if epinephrine that suggests epi-secreting carcinoma? What
is another assoc symptom?
metanephrine; assoc with HBP
What does acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase ib) treat?
glaucoma, epilepsy, altitude sickness, congestive heart failure
can cause dehydration
Sickle cell anemia is due to...
pt mutation of Glu -> val
What is a major neurotransmitter amino acid?
Glu
HA protein of influenza binds to
cytokine receptors
What is a reducing-sugar test?
Tests for aldo-keto sugars
What is omeprazole?
proton pump ib
Name some GAG's.
heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate,
What type of reaction is glucuronidation?
oxidation
In Marfan's syndrome, what part of fibrillin's protein structure is affected?
primary structure
What are the symptoms of Huntington's disease?
anxiety, uncontrollable mvmts, slurring of speech, difficulty focusing or concentrating;
caused by triple repeat expansion
, What is Chediak-Higashi syndrome?
phagocyte deficiency -> hypergammaglobulinemia, significant neutropenia,
In exposure to carbon monoxide or cyanide, which way does the ox sat curve
shift?
to the L; increased affinity at low pO_2
What is pralidoxime chloride?
reactivate acetylcholinesterase
Wernicke encephalopathy
inadequate thiamine; confusion, ophthalmoplagia (nystagmus)
What is the function of lactase?
beta(1->4) galactosidase; cleaves Gal from Glu
How is fructose absorbed?
via sodium-independent transporter
What sugar enzymes are found on the intestinal brush border?
sucrase, lactase, maltase, isomaltase
Orlistat
ib pancreatic and gastric lipase; leads to reduced fat digestion
What is fiber?
glucose beta(1->4) glucose bonded sugar; body does not have beta(1-4)
endoglucosidase
enterokinase
activates trypsinogen; trypsin activates chymotrypsin, procolipase,
procarboxypeptidase, and proelastase
arsenic
pyruvate dehydrogenase ib; smell of garlic
Which GLUT is insulin-dependent?
GLUT4; found in muscle & adipose
What is the role of F2,6BP?
role player for insulin; increases glycolysis for FA synth and glycogen synthesis
What is significant about glucokinase?
K_m is above fasting concentration, V_max is very high
and Answers
What neurotransmitter stimulates release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla?
acetylcholine
What is a metabolite if epinephrine that suggests epi-secreting carcinoma? What
is another assoc symptom?
metanephrine; assoc with HBP
What does acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase ib) treat?
glaucoma, epilepsy, altitude sickness, congestive heart failure
can cause dehydration
Sickle cell anemia is due to...
pt mutation of Glu -> val
What is a major neurotransmitter amino acid?
Glu
HA protein of influenza binds to
cytokine receptors
What is a reducing-sugar test?
Tests for aldo-keto sugars
What is omeprazole?
proton pump ib
Name some GAG's.
heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate,
What type of reaction is glucuronidation?
oxidation
In Marfan's syndrome, what part of fibrillin's protein structure is affected?
primary structure
What are the symptoms of Huntington's disease?
anxiety, uncontrollable mvmts, slurring of speech, difficulty focusing or concentrating;
caused by triple repeat expansion
, What is Chediak-Higashi syndrome?
phagocyte deficiency -> hypergammaglobulinemia, significant neutropenia,
In exposure to carbon monoxide or cyanide, which way does the ox sat curve
shift?
to the L; increased affinity at low pO_2
What is pralidoxime chloride?
reactivate acetylcholinesterase
Wernicke encephalopathy
inadequate thiamine; confusion, ophthalmoplagia (nystagmus)
What is the function of lactase?
beta(1->4) galactosidase; cleaves Gal from Glu
How is fructose absorbed?
via sodium-independent transporter
What sugar enzymes are found on the intestinal brush border?
sucrase, lactase, maltase, isomaltase
Orlistat
ib pancreatic and gastric lipase; leads to reduced fat digestion
What is fiber?
glucose beta(1->4) glucose bonded sugar; body does not have beta(1-4)
endoglucosidase
enterokinase
activates trypsinogen; trypsin activates chymotrypsin, procolipase,
procarboxypeptidase, and proelastase
arsenic
pyruvate dehydrogenase ib; smell of garlic
Which GLUT is insulin-dependent?
GLUT4; found in muscle & adipose
What is the role of F2,6BP?
role player for insulin; increases glycolysis for FA synth and glycogen synthesis
What is significant about glucokinase?
K_m is above fasting concentration, V_max is very high
