NERVOUS SYSTEM
Visceral
Somatic
Distributed to the viscera (organs), visceral sensation contributes to
Distributed to the somites: musculoskeletal system, skin
the feelings of well-being or discomfort. In disease visceral afferents
Sensory (afferent):
transmit pain impulses.
touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, hearing,
Sensory:
vision, smell, equilibrium
Stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes, nausea, hunger, taste
Motor (efferent):
Motor:
All skeletal muscles
Smooth, cardiac muscle and glands; equivalent to ANS
Central nervous system
Basic functions: (CNS) - brain, spinal cord
• take information from external and internal environment
• compares and contrasts the sensory information
• motor response
• store of the sensory information
• set of the learning, memory, intelligence and emotion
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Sympathetic NS “fight or flight” (nerves T1-L2)
uncounsciesly enables us to be excited, fight, run away. Response:
• pupil dilation, cardiac acceleration - heart beats faster,
inhibition of digestion, piloerection and ejculation, sweating,
urinary filling
Parasympathetic nerves (CN III, VII, IX, X, S2-4)
Rest and digest response - the opposite:
• pupillary constriction, salivation/Lacrimation, cardiac deceleration,
stimulates digestion, colon motility, urination/defication, erection
Peripheral nerves Meninges
Surrounding the CNS are 3
31 pairs of spinal nerves
protective layers:
12 pairs of cranial nerves
• dura mater (strong)
• 8 cervical
• arachnoid mater
• 12 thoracic
• pia mater (soft)
• 5 lumbar
In the spaces between them we
Ganglia - accumulation of the neuron cells • 5 sacral
find cerebral spinal fluid, it gives
• 1 coccygeal
the brain and spinal cord protection
Visceral
Somatic
Distributed to the viscera (organs), visceral sensation contributes to
Distributed to the somites: musculoskeletal system, skin
the feelings of well-being or discomfort. In disease visceral afferents
Sensory (afferent):
transmit pain impulses.
touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, hearing,
Sensory:
vision, smell, equilibrium
Stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes, nausea, hunger, taste
Motor (efferent):
Motor:
All skeletal muscles
Smooth, cardiac muscle and glands; equivalent to ANS
Central nervous system
Basic functions: (CNS) - brain, spinal cord
• take information from external and internal environment
• compares and contrasts the sensory information
• motor response
• store of the sensory information
• set of the learning, memory, intelligence and emotion
Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Sympathetic NS “fight or flight” (nerves T1-L2)
uncounsciesly enables us to be excited, fight, run away. Response:
• pupil dilation, cardiac acceleration - heart beats faster,
inhibition of digestion, piloerection and ejculation, sweating,
urinary filling
Parasympathetic nerves (CN III, VII, IX, X, S2-4)
Rest and digest response - the opposite:
• pupillary constriction, salivation/Lacrimation, cardiac deceleration,
stimulates digestion, colon motility, urination/defication, erection
Peripheral nerves Meninges
Surrounding the CNS are 3
31 pairs of spinal nerves
protective layers:
12 pairs of cranial nerves
• dura mater (strong)
• 8 cervical
• arachnoid mater
• 12 thoracic
• pia mater (soft)
• 5 lumbar
In the spaces between them we
Ganglia - accumulation of the neuron cells • 5 sacral
find cerebral spinal fluid, it gives
• 1 coccygeal
the brain and spinal cord protection
