HESI 101 LATEST EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM / HESI EXIT
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW TEST BANK 600 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
ALREADY GRADED A+
A client's laboratory values demonstrate an increased serum calcium level, and
further diagnostic tests reveal hyperparathyroidism. What clinical manifestations
might the nurse identify when assessing this client? Select all that apply.
A) Muscle tremors
B) Abdominal cramps
C) Increased peristalsis
D) Cardiac dysrhythmias
E) Hypoactive bowel sounds - ANSWER-D) Cardiac dysrhythmias
E) Hypoactive bowel sounds
- When the serum calcium level is increased, initially it causes tachycardia; as
it progresses, it depresses electrical conduction in the heart, causing
bradycardia. Hypercalcemia causes decreased peristalsis identified by
constipation and hypoactive or absent bowel sounds. Muscle tremors occur
with hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Abdominal cramps occur with
hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Increased intestinal peristalsis occurs with
hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.
After assessing a client, the nurse anticipates that the client has hyperpituitarism.
Which questions asked by the nurse helps confirm the diagnosis? Select all that
apply.
A) "Is there any change in your vision?"
B) "Do you experience severe headaches?"
C) "Are you suffering with frequent urination?"
D) "Do you eat more than five times a day?"
,HESI 101 LATEST EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM / HESI EXIT
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW TEST BANK 600 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
ALREADY GRADED A+
E) "Is there any change in your menstrual cycle? - ANSWER-A) "Is there any
change in your vision?"
B) "Do you experience severe headaches?"
E) "Is there any change in your menstrual cycle?
- Hyperpituitarism manifests with vision disturbances and severe headaches.
Due to hypersecretion of prolactin in females, a change in menstrual cycle
may also be observed. Frequent urination is observed in a client with diabetes
insipidus. Clients with diabetes mellitus experience intense hunger.
The nurse is teaching a nursing student about caring for a client who is undergoing
blood studies for antidiuretic hormone stimulation. Which statements made by the
nursing student indicate effective instruction? Select all that apply.
A) "I will assess the pulse rate after rehydrating the client."
B) "I will perform the test if the serum sodium level is high."
C) "I will perform the test if the osmolarity is 200 mOsm (mmol)/kg."
D) "I will hydrate the client with oral fluids before performing the test."
E) "I will discontinue the test if the client's weight loss is greater than 4.4 lbs (2
kg)." - ANSWER-A) "I will assess the pulse rate after rehydrating the client."
C) "I will perform the test if the osmolarity is 200 mOsm (mmol)/kg."
E) "I will discontinue the test if the client's weight loss is greater than 4.4 lbs (2
kg)."
- The client's pulse rate and blood pressure should be assessed after
rehydration for orthostatic hypertension after the procedure to ensure
adequate fluid volume. The test should be performed if the serum osmolarity
is less than 300 mOsm (mmol)/kg to avoid severe dehydration in clients who
have central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The test should be
discontinued if the client's weight loss is greater than 2 kg. The test should not
,HESI 101 LATEST EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM / HESI EXIT
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW TEST BANK 600 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
ALREADY GRADED A+
be performed if the serum sodium levels are high because severe dehydration
may develop in central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus clients. The client
should have nothing by mouth before the test. Oral fluids are given to the
client to rehydrate if the client is experiencing dehydration during the test.
Because of multiple physical injuries and emotional concerns, a hospitalized client
is at high risk to develop a stress ulcer (Curling). Which of these is evidence of a
stress ulcer?
A) Unexplained shock
B) Melena for several days
C) A sudden massive hemorrhage
D) A gradual drop in the hematocrit value - ANSWER-C) A sudden massive
hemorrhage
- Stress ulcers are asymptomatic until they produce massive hematemesis and
rectal bleeding. Shock is the outcome of massive hemorrhage; it is not
unexplained because the sudden gastrointestinal bleeding will be identified.
Sudden massive bleeding occurs, not the slow oozing that causes melena. A
gradual drop in the hematocrit value indicates slow blood loss.
During a home visit to a client, the nurse identifies tremors of the client's hands.
When discussing this assessment, the client reports being nervous, having
difficulty sleeping, and feeling as if the collars of shirts are getting tight. Of the
additional assessment findings, which one should the nurse report to the
practitioner?
A) Increased appetite
B) Recent weight loss
C) Feelings of warmth
, HESI 101 LATEST EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM / HESI EXIT
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW TEST BANK 600 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
ALREADY GRADED A+
D) Fluttering in the chest - ANSWER-D) Fluttering in the chest
- Many of these problems are associated with hyperthyroidism; palpitations
may indicate cardiovascular changes requiring prompt intervention. The
increased metabolism associated with hyperthyroidism can lead to heart
failure. Although an increased appetite becomes a compensatory mechanism
for the increased metabolism associated with hyperthyroidism, it is not life
threatening. Although unexplained weight loss can result from catabolism
associated with hyperthyroidism, it is not life threatening. Although a feeling
of warmth caused by the increased metabolism associated with
hyperthyroidism is uncomfortable, it is not life threatening.
Two clients with polydipsia and polyuria arrived at the hospital. Both were having
similar symptoms but were diagnosed with different types of diabetes insipidus.
Which assessment finding helped to differentiate the diagnosis?
A) Urine output
B) Specific gravity
C) Urine osmolarity
D) Serum osmolarity - ANSWER-C) Urine osmolarity
- Polydipsia and polyuria are signs of diabetes insipidus. When a water
deprivation test is performed, urine osmolarity is increased dramatically from
100 to 600 mOsm (mmol)/kg in clients with central diabetes insipidus. But in
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the urine osmolarity may not be greater than
300 mOsm (mmol)/kg. The urine output is 2 L to 20 L/day in all types of
diabetes insipidus. The specific gravity is less than 1.005 in all types of
diabetes insipidus and the serum osmolarity is also greater than 295 mOsm
(mmol)/kg in all types of diabetes insipidus.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW TEST BANK 600 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
ALREADY GRADED A+
A client's laboratory values demonstrate an increased serum calcium level, and
further diagnostic tests reveal hyperparathyroidism. What clinical manifestations
might the nurse identify when assessing this client? Select all that apply.
A) Muscle tremors
B) Abdominal cramps
C) Increased peristalsis
D) Cardiac dysrhythmias
E) Hypoactive bowel sounds - ANSWER-D) Cardiac dysrhythmias
E) Hypoactive bowel sounds
- When the serum calcium level is increased, initially it causes tachycardia; as
it progresses, it depresses electrical conduction in the heart, causing
bradycardia. Hypercalcemia causes decreased peristalsis identified by
constipation and hypoactive or absent bowel sounds. Muscle tremors occur
with hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Abdominal cramps occur with
hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Increased intestinal peristalsis occurs with
hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia.
After assessing a client, the nurse anticipates that the client has hyperpituitarism.
Which questions asked by the nurse helps confirm the diagnosis? Select all that
apply.
A) "Is there any change in your vision?"
B) "Do you experience severe headaches?"
C) "Are you suffering with frequent urination?"
D) "Do you eat more than five times a day?"
,HESI 101 LATEST EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM / HESI EXIT
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW TEST BANK 600 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
ALREADY GRADED A+
E) "Is there any change in your menstrual cycle? - ANSWER-A) "Is there any
change in your vision?"
B) "Do you experience severe headaches?"
E) "Is there any change in your menstrual cycle?
- Hyperpituitarism manifests with vision disturbances and severe headaches.
Due to hypersecretion of prolactin in females, a change in menstrual cycle
may also be observed. Frequent urination is observed in a client with diabetes
insipidus. Clients with diabetes mellitus experience intense hunger.
The nurse is teaching a nursing student about caring for a client who is undergoing
blood studies for antidiuretic hormone stimulation. Which statements made by the
nursing student indicate effective instruction? Select all that apply.
A) "I will assess the pulse rate after rehydrating the client."
B) "I will perform the test if the serum sodium level is high."
C) "I will perform the test if the osmolarity is 200 mOsm (mmol)/kg."
D) "I will hydrate the client with oral fluids before performing the test."
E) "I will discontinue the test if the client's weight loss is greater than 4.4 lbs (2
kg)." - ANSWER-A) "I will assess the pulse rate after rehydrating the client."
C) "I will perform the test if the osmolarity is 200 mOsm (mmol)/kg."
E) "I will discontinue the test if the client's weight loss is greater than 4.4 lbs (2
kg)."
- The client's pulse rate and blood pressure should be assessed after
rehydration for orthostatic hypertension after the procedure to ensure
adequate fluid volume. The test should be performed if the serum osmolarity
is less than 300 mOsm (mmol)/kg to avoid severe dehydration in clients who
have central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The test should be
discontinued if the client's weight loss is greater than 2 kg. The test should not
,HESI 101 LATEST EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM / HESI EXIT
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW TEST BANK 600 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
ALREADY GRADED A+
be performed if the serum sodium levels are high because severe dehydration
may develop in central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus clients. The client
should have nothing by mouth before the test. Oral fluids are given to the
client to rehydrate if the client is experiencing dehydration during the test.
Because of multiple physical injuries and emotional concerns, a hospitalized client
is at high risk to develop a stress ulcer (Curling). Which of these is evidence of a
stress ulcer?
A) Unexplained shock
B) Melena for several days
C) A sudden massive hemorrhage
D) A gradual drop in the hematocrit value - ANSWER-C) A sudden massive
hemorrhage
- Stress ulcers are asymptomatic until they produce massive hematemesis and
rectal bleeding. Shock is the outcome of massive hemorrhage; it is not
unexplained because the sudden gastrointestinal bleeding will be identified.
Sudden massive bleeding occurs, not the slow oozing that causes melena. A
gradual drop in the hematocrit value indicates slow blood loss.
During a home visit to a client, the nurse identifies tremors of the client's hands.
When discussing this assessment, the client reports being nervous, having
difficulty sleeping, and feeling as if the collars of shirts are getting tight. Of the
additional assessment findings, which one should the nurse report to the
practitioner?
A) Increased appetite
B) Recent weight loss
C) Feelings of warmth
, HESI 101 LATEST EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM / HESI EXIT
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW TEST BANK 600 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
ALREADY GRADED A+
D) Fluttering in the chest - ANSWER-D) Fluttering in the chest
- Many of these problems are associated with hyperthyroidism; palpitations
may indicate cardiovascular changes requiring prompt intervention. The
increased metabolism associated with hyperthyroidism can lead to heart
failure. Although an increased appetite becomes a compensatory mechanism
for the increased metabolism associated with hyperthyroidism, it is not life
threatening. Although unexplained weight loss can result from catabolism
associated with hyperthyroidism, it is not life threatening. Although a feeling
of warmth caused by the increased metabolism associated with
hyperthyroidism is uncomfortable, it is not life threatening.
Two clients with polydipsia and polyuria arrived at the hospital. Both were having
similar symptoms but were diagnosed with different types of diabetes insipidus.
Which assessment finding helped to differentiate the diagnosis?
A) Urine output
B) Specific gravity
C) Urine osmolarity
D) Serum osmolarity - ANSWER-C) Urine osmolarity
- Polydipsia and polyuria are signs of diabetes insipidus. When a water
deprivation test is performed, urine osmolarity is increased dramatically from
100 to 600 mOsm (mmol)/kg in clients with central diabetes insipidus. But in
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the urine osmolarity may not be greater than
300 mOsm (mmol)/kg. The urine output is 2 L to 20 L/day in all types of
diabetes insipidus. The specific gravity is less than 1.005 in all types of
diabetes insipidus and the serum osmolarity is also greater than 295 mOsm
(mmol)/kg in all types of diabetes insipidus.
