UNIT 4: ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND COMPONANTS
SUB:FEE{SEC A}………..By Alishiba Sheikh
Electronic components?
Electronic component means an item that operates by controlling the flow of
electrons or other electrically charged particles in circuits, using interconnections
of electrical devices such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, diodes, switches,
transistors, or integrated circuits.
Two types of electronic components
Active components: are those that deliver or produce energy or power in the form
of a voltage or current. Examples of the active components are diodes, transistors,
SCR, integrated circuits, etc.
Passive components: are those that utilize or store energy in the form of voltage
or current. Examples of the passive components are resistor, capacitor, and
inductor.
Comparison Chart
BASIS ACTIVE COMPONENTS PASSIVE COMPONENT
Nature of source Active components deliver Passive elements utilizes
power or energy to the circuit. power or energy from the
circuit.
Examples Diodes, Transistors, SCR, Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor
Integrated circuits etc. etc.
Function of the Devices which produce energy Devices which stores energy in
component in the form of voltage or the form of voltage or current.
current.
Power Gain They are capable of providing They are incapable of
power gain. providing power gain.
Flow of current Active components can control Passive components cannot
the flow of current. control the flow of the
current.
Requirement of They require an external source They do not require any
external source for the operations. external source for the
operations.
,BASIS ACTIVE COMPONENTS PASSIVE COMPONENT
Nature of energy Active components are energy Passive components are
donor. energy acceptor.
Define the following
1. Resistance: It is the property of a material which opposes the flow of
electric current through it. Conductors have low resistance while insulators
have very high resistance. It is measured in Ohms. The symbol is R
2. Capacitance: Capacitance is the ability of a device to store electric charge.
The amount of charge that can be stored inside a capacitor at a given voltage
is called Capacitance. It gets charged when charges are forced into the
positive (or upper) plate of the capacitor due to emf. Similarly, it discharged
when charges are forcefully pulled out of the capacitor. Capacitance is
measured in Farad. The symbol is C.
3. Inductance: Inductance is the ability of a device to generate a voltage when
the current through it changes. It is the property of a coil to resist any change
in electric current flowing through it. Self inductance is caused when a coil
resists the current change through itself. Mutual inductance occurs when a
secondary coil opposes current change in a primary coil. Inductance is
measured in Henry.The symbol is L.
RESISTERS
COLOR CODING OF RESISTER:
1. We know that a resistor is a two-terminal device and is an important
component in building many electronic devices. The resistor is a component
that is used to limit or regulate the flow of electric current.
2. We commonly see resistors printed with different colours. It usually contains
four bands of colours.
3. To know the value of resistors, one must know how to calculate the
resistance colour code.
, 4. let us learn what is resistance colour code, how to read resistor colour code,
and examples to find resistance colour code.
5. All leaded resistors with a power rating up to one watt are marked with
colour bands.
6. They are given by several bands and together they specify the resistance
value, the tolerance rate and sometimes the reliability or failure rates.
7. The number of bands present in a resistor varies from three to six.
8. The first two bands indicate the resistance value and the third band serves
as a multiplier.
9. let us discuss how to read resistor colour codes, look at an example and learn
a mnemonic to remember the number sequence.
Resistor Colour Table
Colour Digit Multiplier Tolerance
Black 0 1
Brown 1 10 ± 1%
Red 2 100 ± 2%
Orange 3 1000
Yellow 4 10,000
Green 5 100,000 ± 0.5%
Blue 6 1,00,000 ± 0.25%
Violet 7 10,000,000 ± 0.1%
SUB:FEE{SEC A}………..By Alishiba Sheikh
Electronic components?
Electronic component means an item that operates by controlling the flow of
electrons or other electrically charged particles in circuits, using interconnections
of electrical devices such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, diodes, switches,
transistors, or integrated circuits.
Two types of electronic components
Active components: are those that deliver or produce energy or power in the form
of a voltage or current. Examples of the active components are diodes, transistors,
SCR, integrated circuits, etc.
Passive components: are those that utilize or store energy in the form of voltage
or current. Examples of the passive components are resistor, capacitor, and
inductor.
Comparison Chart
BASIS ACTIVE COMPONENTS PASSIVE COMPONENT
Nature of source Active components deliver Passive elements utilizes
power or energy to the circuit. power or energy from the
circuit.
Examples Diodes, Transistors, SCR, Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor
Integrated circuits etc. etc.
Function of the Devices which produce energy Devices which stores energy in
component in the form of voltage or the form of voltage or current.
current.
Power Gain They are capable of providing They are incapable of
power gain. providing power gain.
Flow of current Active components can control Passive components cannot
the flow of current. control the flow of the
current.
Requirement of They require an external source They do not require any
external source for the operations. external source for the
operations.
,BASIS ACTIVE COMPONENTS PASSIVE COMPONENT
Nature of energy Active components are energy Passive components are
donor. energy acceptor.
Define the following
1. Resistance: It is the property of a material which opposes the flow of
electric current through it. Conductors have low resistance while insulators
have very high resistance. It is measured in Ohms. The symbol is R
2. Capacitance: Capacitance is the ability of a device to store electric charge.
The amount of charge that can be stored inside a capacitor at a given voltage
is called Capacitance. It gets charged when charges are forced into the
positive (or upper) plate of the capacitor due to emf. Similarly, it discharged
when charges are forcefully pulled out of the capacitor. Capacitance is
measured in Farad. The symbol is C.
3. Inductance: Inductance is the ability of a device to generate a voltage when
the current through it changes. It is the property of a coil to resist any change
in electric current flowing through it. Self inductance is caused when a coil
resists the current change through itself. Mutual inductance occurs when a
secondary coil opposes current change in a primary coil. Inductance is
measured in Henry.The symbol is L.
RESISTERS
COLOR CODING OF RESISTER:
1. We know that a resistor is a two-terminal device and is an important
component in building many electronic devices. The resistor is a component
that is used to limit or regulate the flow of electric current.
2. We commonly see resistors printed with different colours. It usually contains
four bands of colours.
3. To know the value of resistors, one must know how to calculate the
resistance colour code.
, 4. let us learn what is resistance colour code, how to read resistor colour code,
and examples to find resistance colour code.
5. All leaded resistors with a power rating up to one watt are marked with
colour bands.
6. They are given by several bands and together they specify the resistance
value, the tolerance rate and sometimes the reliability or failure rates.
7. The number of bands present in a resistor varies from three to six.
8. The first two bands indicate the resistance value and the third band serves
as a multiplier.
9. let us discuss how to read resistor colour codes, look at an example and learn
a mnemonic to remember the number sequence.
Resistor Colour Table
Colour Digit Multiplier Tolerance
Black 0 1
Brown 1 10 ± 1%
Red 2 100 ± 2%
Orange 3 1000
Yellow 4 10,000
Green 5 100,000 ± 0.5%
Blue 6 1,00,000 ± 0.25%
Violet 7 10,000,000 ± 0.1%
