Test Bank for Medical Surgery 3 Test 2
(Questions with verified answers)
Why do patients get blood products? - Answer-
1. Anemic w/ a hgb < 8-10
2. Increase their blood volume
3. They have a clotting disorder
4. Surgical blood loss > 1200
5. Never just b/c
List the two main functions of transfusions - Answer-
1. Increase O2 carrying capacity of the blood
2. Reverse tissue hypoxia
What is whole blood given for and how is it transfused? - Answer-
-for shock, low blood volume, low Hgb, low Hct, hemorrhage -500 mls over 2-4 hrs
PRBC's
1. What must you do first?
2. What must you do for Rh neg?
3. How does it affect the blood?
4. 1 unit = how many mls?
5. what's the infusion rate? - Answer-
1. Must be typed and cross matched
2. Rh neg. gets Rh neg.
3. 1 unit increase Hgb by 1g/dL or Hct by 3%
4. 4 unit = 300-350mls
5. 250-300 mls given over 2-3 hrs, completed w/in 4
Leukocyte poor RBC's
1. What are they?
2. Who are they given to? - Answer-
1. A blood product in which the WBC's have been removed to reduce risk of
reaction
2. Patients w/ known nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and immunosuppressed
ppl
, Test Bank for Medical Surgery 3 Test 2
(Questions with verified answers)
Frozen Fresh Plasma
1. How is it seperated?
2. When is it given?
3. Are they cross matched?
4. what's in it?
5. How is it infused? - Answer-
1. Seperated via centrifuge
2. To restore plasma volume and treat some bleeding problems
3. No
4. All clotting factors, ant thrombin, plasmin protein
5. Short half-life means it runs over 30-60 minutes and must be stored frozen, must
finish w/in 4 hrs
Platelets
1. When is it given?
2. Are they cross matched?
3. How are they stored? - Answer-
1. Maintain normal coagulability of the blood, given for bleeding disorders and
when bone marrow doesn't make enough
2. No
3. Room temp w/ agitation, expire after 5-7 days
Cryoprecipitate
1. What is it?
2. What factors are in it?
3. When is it given? - Answer-
1. The precipitate after FFP thaws
2. Factor VII, vonWillebrand, fibrinogen, factor XIII
3. For fibrinogen levels < 100, when there's a factor deficiency that's leading to
bleeding
What is "type and cross matching"? - Answer-It's a process used to determine blood
type compatibility between donor and recipient. Determines Rh and ABO.
, Test Bank for Medical Surgery 3 Test 2
(Questions with verified answers)
Rh
1. What is it?
2. Who gets + or - ? - Answer-
1. Blood factor made of antigens
2. Rh+ gets + or - blood, Rh- gets - blood only
ABO
1. Who gets what?
2. who's the universal donor and recipient? - Answer-
1. O-doesn't have A, B, or O antigens. AB+ has A, B, and O antigens.
2. O-is universal donor. AB+ is universal recipient.
Blood screening checks for...? - Answer-Hep C, HIV, West Nile
What religion won't accept blood transfusions? - Answer-Jehovah Witness
What are some other blood volume builders? - Answer-crystalloids, artificial
crystalloids (dextran)
What is an autologous blood donation? - Answer-donation to one's self, good for one
month
Risks of infusion therapy - Answer-disease transmission (most likely Hep B), bacterial
contamination, transfusion rxn, circulatory overload
How long after being brought up from the blood bank must the blood be infused? -
Answer-30 minutes
What must nurse do to before giving blood? - Answer-positively ID the pt., inspect the
blood, 2-nurse verification, verify donor-recipient compatibility, check expiration
date, get baseline vitals, start IV w/ 18-20G needle to avoid lysing of cells
What must the nurse do after starting a blood infusion? - Answer-Infuse slowly for first
15 min and assess q 15 min, watch for vitals, and check vitals regularly
, Test Bank for Medical Surgery 3 Test 2
(Questions with verified answers)
What is the only solution that can be used when giving blood? - Answer-0.9% normal
saline
Describe a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion rxn - Answer-90% of all reactions; fever,
chills; recipient's antibodies react to antigens in the donor's blood
Describe (TRALI) transfusion-related acute lung injury - Answer-Leading cause of
transfusion-related deaths; chills, sudden resp. distress, resp. failure;
Allergic vs. febrile vs. hemolytic rxns
1. Symptoms of each - Answer-
A. Allergic - facial flushing, hives/rash, increased anxiety, decreased BP, dyspnea
B. Febrile - fever, chills, anxiety, headache, tachydardia, tachypnea
C. Hemolytic - chest pain, low back pain, fever, chills, tachycardia, apprehension,
decreased BP, increased resp. rate
Complications of IV therapy
1. Infiltration and sepsis
2. Phlebitis
3. Extravasations - Answer-
1. D/C IV, document location and size of catheter, edema, temp. of skin at site, and
pain; s/s = swelling and tissue leakage
2. D/C IV, vein is swollen, tender, red
3. When the medication from the IV leaks into the surrounding tissue, can cause
tissue necrosis
Short term CVAD's
1. types - Answer-1. non-tunneled percutaneous, PICC
Long term CVAD's
1. Types - Answer-1. Tunneled catheters and implanted ports
What determines CVAD tip location? - Answer-x-ray, prior to initiation of therapy
(Questions with verified answers)
Why do patients get blood products? - Answer-
1. Anemic w/ a hgb < 8-10
2. Increase their blood volume
3. They have a clotting disorder
4. Surgical blood loss > 1200
5. Never just b/c
List the two main functions of transfusions - Answer-
1. Increase O2 carrying capacity of the blood
2. Reverse tissue hypoxia
What is whole blood given for and how is it transfused? - Answer-
-for shock, low blood volume, low Hgb, low Hct, hemorrhage -500 mls over 2-4 hrs
PRBC's
1. What must you do first?
2. What must you do for Rh neg?
3. How does it affect the blood?
4. 1 unit = how many mls?
5. what's the infusion rate? - Answer-
1. Must be typed and cross matched
2. Rh neg. gets Rh neg.
3. 1 unit increase Hgb by 1g/dL or Hct by 3%
4. 4 unit = 300-350mls
5. 250-300 mls given over 2-3 hrs, completed w/in 4
Leukocyte poor RBC's
1. What are they?
2. Who are they given to? - Answer-
1. A blood product in which the WBC's have been removed to reduce risk of
reaction
2. Patients w/ known nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and immunosuppressed
ppl
, Test Bank for Medical Surgery 3 Test 2
(Questions with verified answers)
Frozen Fresh Plasma
1. How is it seperated?
2. When is it given?
3. Are they cross matched?
4. what's in it?
5. How is it infused? - Answer-
1. Seperated via centrifuge
2. To restore plasma volume and treat some bleeding problems
3. No
4. All clotting factors, ant thrombin, plasmin protein
5. Short half-life means it runs over 30-60 minutes and must be stored frozen, must
finish w/in 4 hrs
Platelets
1. When is it given?
2. Are they cross matched?
3. How are they stored? - Answer-
1. Maintain normal coagulability of the blood, given for bleeding disorders and
when bone marrow doesn't make enough
2. No
3. Room temp w/ agitation, expire after 5-7 days
Cryoprecipitate
1. What is it?
2. What factors are in it?
3. When is it given? - Answer-
1. The precipitate after FFP thaws
2. Factor VII, vonWillebrand, fibrinogen, factor XIII
3. For fibrinogen levels < 100, when there's a factor deficiency that's leading to
bleeding
What is "type and cross matching"? - Answer-It's a process used to determine blood
type compatibility between donor and recipient. Determines Rh and ABO.
, Test Bank for Medical Surgery 3 Test 2
(Questions with verified answers)
Rh
1. What is it?
2. Who gets + or - ? - Answer-
1. Blood factor made of antigens
2. Rh+ gets + or - blood, Rh- gets - blood only
ABO
1. Who gets what?
2. who's the universal donor and recipient? - Answer-
1. O-doesn't have A, B, or O antigens. AB+ has A, B, and O antigens.
2. O-is universal donor. AB+ is universal recipient.
Blood screening checks for...? - Answer-Hep C, HIV, West Nile
What religion won't accept blood transfusions? - Answer-Jehovah Witness
What are some other blood volume builders? - Answer-crystalloids, artificial
crystalloids (dextran)
What is an autologous blood donation? - Answer-donation to one's self, good for one
month
Risks of infusion therapy - Answer-disease transmission (most likely Hep B), bacterial
contamination, transfusion rxn, circulatory overload
How long after being brought up from the blood bank must the blood be infused? -
Answer-30 minutes
What must nurse do to before giving blood? - Answer-positively ID the pt., inspect the
blood, 2-nurse verification, verify donor-recipient compatibility, check expiration
date, get baseline vitals, start IV w/ 18-20G needle to avoid lysing of cells
What must the nurse do after starting a blood infusion? - Answer-Infuse slowly for first
15 min and assess q 15 min, watch for vitals, and check vitals regularly
, Test Bank for Medical Surgery 3 Test 2
(Questions with verified answers)
What is the only solution that can be used when giving blood? - Answer-0.9% normal
saline
Describe a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion rxn - Answer-90% of all reactions; fever,
chills; recipient's antibodies react to antigens in the donor's blood
Describe (TRALI) transfusion-related acute lung injury - Answer-Leading cause of
transfusion-related deaths; chills, sudden resp. distress, resp. failure;
Allergic vs. febrile vs. hemolytic rxns
1. Symptoms of each - Answer-
A. Allergic - facial flushing, hives/rash, increased anxiety, decreased BP, dyspnea
B. Febrile - fever, chills, anxiety, headache, tachydardia, tachypnea
C. Hemolytic - chest pain, low back pain, fever, chills, tachycardia, apprehension,
decreased BP, increased resp. rate
Complications of IV therapy
1. Infiltration and sepsis
2. Phlebitis
3. Extravasations - Answer-
1. D/C IV, document location and size of catheter, edema, temp. of skin at site, and
pain; s/s = swelling and tissue leakage
2. D/C IV, vein is swollen, tender, red
3. When the medication from the IV leaks into the surrounding tissue, can cause
tissue necrosis
Short term CVAD's
1. types - Answer-1. non-tunneled percutaneous, PICC
Long term CVAD's
1. Types - Answer-1. Tunneled catheters and implanted ports
What determines CVAD tip location? - Answer-x-ray, prior to initiation of therapy
