APEA 3P's Women's Health, pregnancy, STD Revised Test 2024

Paget's disease of the breast - answerss/s: red-colored scaly rash that starts at nipple and spreads to areola of one breast, pain, crusting -may indicate breast mass menstrual cycle phases - answers1. follicular phase 2. ovulation 3. luteal phase 4. menstruation follicular phase - answersThe first phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surroudning cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary, and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle. The follicle secretes estrogen during this time period. ovulatory phase - answersThe second stage of the general menstrual cycle, LH is secreted by anterior pituitary gland inducing maturation of follicle and ovulation luteal phase - answersThe third phase of the ovarian cycle, progesterone is prominent. Secreted by corpus luteum and helps stabilize endometrial lining Menopausal Ovary assessment - answersif ovaries are palpable post menopausal, this is abnormal and ovarian cancer must be rules out using intravaginal US Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) - answerss/s: fish-like smell, milk-like discharge labs: positive clue cells, positive whiff test, ph 4.5 risk: premature labor, low birth weight baby tx: flagyl BID x 7 days Estrogen - answers Progesterone - answers dysmenorrhea - answerspainful menstruation associated with endometriosis menorrhagia - answersexcessive menstrual bleeding associated with endometriosis amenorrhea - answersabsence of menstruation for more than 3 month by menstruating women or no menstruation by age 15 or older PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) - answershormone abnormality marked by infrequent ovulation, excessive estrogen, high androgen production, and insulin resistance tx: oral contraceptives metformin (to induce ovulation), spironolactone to control hirtuism PCOS complications - answers*endometrial CA d/t deficient progesterone secretion *postmenopausal breast CA *ovarian CA *hyperlipidemia *hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance *DM, metabolic syndrome *cardiovascular disease *infertility Vulvovaginal candidiasis - answersovergrowth of normal vaginal microflora yeast, Candida albicans tx: anti fungal such as miconazole, fluconazole or clotrimazole Trichomoniasis - answersParasitic infection of the vagina and urethra s/s: dysuria, strawberry cervix, copious grayish-green bubble discharge tx: flagyl 2g PO x 1 dose or 500mg BID x7days Atrophic Vaginitis - answersthinning of the vagina and loss of moisture because of depletion of estrogen in menopausal women, which causes inflammation of tissue tx: estrogen placenta previa - answersthe abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus covering the cervical opening HELLP syndrome - answersserious but rare complication of preeclampsia/eclampsia resulting in hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets s/s: resembles preeclampsia accompanied by RUQ pain Antibiotics OK in pregnancy: - answersPenicillins: amoxicillin, penicillin Cephalosporins: reflex, ceftin, Cefzil, Rocephin, Cefdinir, Cefepime Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin Nitrofurantoin: Macrobid Antihypertensives in pregnancy - answersMethyldopa CCB- procardia Labetolol Meds NOT used in pregnancy - answersACE ARB Fluroquinolones- cipro Tetracyclines NSAIDS Sulfa drugs Weight gain in pregnancy - answersBMI 18.5 28-40lb BMI 18.5-25 25-35lb BMI lb BMI 30 11-20lb fundal height - answersnot palpable until 12 weeks 16 weeks- between symphysis pubis and umbilicus 20 weeks- umbilicus 20-35 weeks-fundal height in cm=weeks of gestation oligohydramnios - answersamniotic fluid volume that is less than expected for gestational age UTI in pregnancy - answersNitrofurantoin unless in third trimester Augmenting BID x3-7 days Preeclampsia s/s - answersSBP 140 DBP 90 rapid weight gain of 2-5lb/week proteinuria Mastitis - answerscaused by staph aureus tx: if low risk Dicloxacillin or Keflex tx: if high risk Bactrim or clindamycin Uncomplicated Chlamydia in pregnancy tx - answersAzithromycin 1g PO or Amoxicillin -treat partner and avoid sexual contact for