TEAS VERSION 6 Science wChemistry REVISION 264+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Anatomical position - ANSWER-Standard positioning of the body as standing: feet together; arms to the side; with head, eyes, and palms of hands forward. Cells - ANSWER-The basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are created. Haploid - ANSWER-after meiosis, the number of chromosomes in gametes is halved. 23 Chromosmes Diploid - ANSWER-diploid cells contain the complete set of necessary chromosomes; 23 pairs, 46 chromosomes Mitosis - ANSWER-Cell replication in eukaryotic cells Prophase - ANSWER-The first and longest stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Metaphase - ANSWER-The second stage of mitosis. In this stage the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell and become connected to the spindle fiber at their centromere. Anaphase - ANSWER-The third stage of mitosis. In this stage the sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart. Telophase - ANSWER-The fourth and last stage of mitosis. During this stage the chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct rod-like shapes. Two new nuclear membranes then form around each of the two regions of DNA and the spindle fibers disappear. Cellular functions - ANSWER-Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement. Directional terminology - ANSWER-Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal, posterior, medial, etc.). Organ systems - ANSWER-A functional groups of organs that work together with in the body: circulatory, integumentary , skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular, nervous. Organ - ANSWER-A self contained part of an organism that performs a specific function. Organelle - ANSWER-I specialize part of a cell that has a specific function. Reference planes - ANSWER-Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal, coronal, and transfers. Tissues - ANSWER-A group of cells with a similar structure that functions together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs. Alveoli - ANSWER-Tiny air sacs in the lungs were exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Asthma - ANSWER-And lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrow airways and difficulty breathing. Bronchi - ANSWER-A main passageway directly attached to the Lungs. Bronchioles - ANSWER-A small passageway in the lines that connect bronchi to alveoli. Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER-A genetic disorder that affects the Longs and other organs, characterized by difficulty breathing, coughing up sputum, and lung infection. Perfusion - ANSWER-The passage of fluid to an organ or a tissue. Pleura - ANSWER-A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity. Surfactant - ANSWER-A fluid secreted by alveoli around the lungs. Tidal volume - ANSWER-The amount of air breathe in a normal inhalation or exhalation. Trachea - ANSWER-The one pipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs. Ventilation - ANSWER-The movement of air in and out the body via inhalation and exhalation. Diaphragm - ANSWER-diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand External Intercostal Muscles - ANSWER-Forced inhalation the elevation of the ribs; transverse expansion of the rib cage Internal Intercostal Muscles - ANSWER-forced expiration he depression of the ribs; decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity Arteries - ANSWER-Blood vessel that the liver blood from the heart to other parts of the body. Capillary - ANSWER-Small blood vessel that connect arterioles to the venules. Diastole - ANSWER-The portion of the card Cycle in which the heart refilled with blood. Heart - ANSWER-The muscles that pumps blood throughout the body. Hemoglobin - ANSWER-The protein and red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Leukocytes - ANSWER-White blood cells, which protect the body against disease. Lymph - ANSWER-Clear fluid that moves throughout the lymphatic system to fight disease. Lymphocytes - ANSWER-natural white blood cells, (B cells, T-Cells); fight infection Monocytes - ANSWER-mature into macrophages Granulocyte - ANSWER-Basophils: inflammatory response, histamine response Neutrophil: Phagocytes, pus, respond to bacteria Eosinophils: parasites, and antigen presenting cells Plasma - ANSWER-The hell yellow component of blood that carries red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets throughout the body. Systole - ANSWER-The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart expels blood. Vein - ANSWER-Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. Anus - ANSWER-The opening of the rectum from which the solid waste is expel Bolus - ANSWER-A massive food that I have been chewed and swallowed. Chyme - ANSWER-The semi fluid master of partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine. Enzymatic digestion - ANSWER-The breakdown of food by enzymes for absorption.