LECTURE NOTES
ON
PRINCIPLES OF ENTOMOLOGY
&
PRODUCTIVE ENTOMOLOGY
(DA – 131)
Dr. B. Dileep Kumar,
Ph.D (Entomology)
AGRICULTURAL POLYTECHNIC
Jammikunta, Karimnagar-505122
PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE
AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
, PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
AGRICULTURAL POLYTECHNIC
Detailed Lecture Outline
DA-131 (Principles of Entomology and Productive Entomology)
Theory:
1. Introduction of Entomology
2. Characters of class Insecta – Division of class Insecta into subclasses – pterygota,
Apterygota, their characters, classifications and examples
3. Characters of Orthoptera
4. Orthoptera – Head, antenna, mouth parts, thorax, characters of wings, abdomen.
Examples of agricultural importance.
5. Characters of Thysanoptera
6. Thysanoptera – Segmented antenna, compound eyes, asymmetrical mouth parts, wing
characters, parthenogenetic type or reproduction.
7. Thysanoptera – example of agricultural importance.
8. Order Hemiptera Sub order Heteroptera characters
9. Heteroptera – 4 to 5 segmented antenna, well developed compound eyes, sucking type
of mouth parts, large pronotum, wing characters.
10. Sub Order Homoptera Characters
11. Homoptera – Head, compound eyes well developed, 3 to 10 segmented antenna.
Piercing and sucking type of mouth parts. Thoracic characters, wing characters.
12. Homoptera – insects sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction
13. Homoptera – Examples of agricultural importance.
14. Order Lepidoptera Characters
15. Lepidoptera – Mouth parts, head, compound eyes, characters of wings.
16. Lepidoptera – Differences between moths and butterflies
17. Lepidoptera – examples of agricultural importance.
18. Order Coleptera characters
19. Coleptera – antenna, bitting type of mouth parts, thoracic characters, wing characters
20. Coleptera - larval and pupa exarate
21. Coleptera - examples of agricultural importance
22. Order Hymenoptera characters
23. Hymenoptera – Head, well developed compound eyes, antenna, mouth parts, wing
characters, trochanter 1 or 2 segmented, abdominal characters
24. Hymenoptera – larval and pupal characters
25. Hymenoptera - examples of agricultural importance
26. Order Diptera characters
27. Diptera – Head, eyes, antenna, mouth parts, thoracic characters, wings, halters tarsus
5 segmented
28. Diptera – larval and pupal characters
29. Diptera - examples of agricultural importance
30. External characters of cockroach
, 31. Cockroach – segmentation, body regions, head, throax, abdomen, head, mouth parts
32. Cockroach- thorax – prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax,
33. Cockroach- legs and wings. Abdomen-anal ceric and styles.
34. Kinds of insects mouth parts
35. Biting and chewing type, sucking type, Rasping and sucking type
36. sponging and sucking type.
37. Different Types of injuries caused by insects
38. Different types of injuries and damage symptoms caused by insects
39. Introduction to Integrated Pest Management
40. Importance, concepts and principles of IPM
41. Bio agents – parasitoids and predators
42. Chemical control – Importance of pesticides
43. Classification of insecticides
44. Different formulations of insecticides
45. Study of important group of insecticides and their examples
46. Botanical insecticides – cyclodienes, organo phosphates, carbamates, synthetic
pyrethroids, novel insecticides nematicides, rodenticides, acaricides, antifeedants,
attractants, sex pheromones
47. Compatibility of insecticides – insecticides mixtures, phytotoxicity
Practical:
1. Methods of collection and preservation of insects including immature stages
2. External features of a grass hoper / Cockroach
3. Study of characters Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, Hymenoptera, Homoptera
4. Identification of different insects in order Lepidoptera, Coleptera, Hymenoptera and
Diptera
5. Study of important insecticide formulations and calculation of doses / concentrations
of different insecticide formulations
6. Growing of mulberry – land preparation, preparation of planting material for irrigated
and rainfed and planting
7. Maintaince of mulberry garden, cuttings of branches, fertilizers, irrigations and leaf
cutting
8. Pests and diseases of mulberry
9. Silkworm rearing room – rearing equipment and apparatus, resistance and hygiene
10. Rearing of early and last stage larvae of silkworm
11. Pests of silkworm
12. Diseases of silkworm
13. Different types of honeybees and their enemies
14. Different types Honey combs and their equipment, collection of honey
15. Study of lac insects and biology
16. Pests and diseases of lac insects
, Introduction of Arthopoda
Arthropoda is a largest order in animal kingdom. The word Arthopoda was taken from
from Greek. Arthropods are animals that lack a backbone. Such animals are said to
be invertebrates. The invertebratesincludes animals such as snails (molluscs), crabs
(crustaceans) and, of course, insects.
The arthropod body is supported by an hard, outer layer. This acts as an external skeleton -
or exoskeleton. The body muscles are attached to the inside of this exoskeleton. It is made up
of rings (called segments) which are attached to one another by flexible membranes. This
allows movement of the body to take place. The name arthropod refers to their jointed limbs,
which are their chief characteristic. (Arthros = joint, Podium = foot).
Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin,
often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments,
each with a pair of appendages. The rigid cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it
periodically by moulting. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses
an external skeleton. Some species have wings.
General Character:
1. Cosmopolitan in distribution found in aquatic, terrestrial and aerial forms.
Some are ectoparasitic and vectors of disease.
2. Body have jointed appendages or legs (which are modified to different structures to
perform different functions like jaws, gills, walking legs, paddle). There may be 3 pairs, 4
pairs, 5 pairs, many pairs.
3. Body is triploblastic.
4. Bilaterally symmetrical.
5. Organ system level of organization.
6. Body is divisible into head, thorax and abdomen.
7. This is the first group to develop a true head, which contains sense organs and feeding
organs specialized for their particular habitats.
8. Body is covered with chitinous exoskeleton.
9. They are haemocoelomate. Coelom i.e. body cavity is filled with blood or fluid.
10. Head bears a pair of compound eyes and antenna.
11. Locomotion takes place by jointed appendages.
12. Digestive system is complete, straight and well developed.
The mouth bears mouth parts for ingestion of foods. Mouths are modified for chewing,
biting, sponging, piercing, siphoning.
13. Respiration takes place by general body surface or gills (in Crustaceans) or trachea ( in
insects, diplopoda and chilopoda) or booklungs (Arachnida) and book gills (in king
cobra).
14. Circulatory system is of open type i.e. do not have blood vessels and enters directly into
the body chambers. The blood is colorless.
15. Excretion takes place through Malphigian tubules (in terrestrial form) or green glands or
coxal glands (in aquatic forms).
Nervous system is of annelidian type, which consists of brain and ventral nerve cord.
16. Unisexual i.e. sexes are separate.
ON
PRINCIPLES OF ENTOMOLOGY
&
PRODUCTIVE ENTOMOLOGY
(DA – 131)
Dr. B. Dileep Kumar,
Ph.D (Entomology)
AGRICULTURAL POLYTECHNIC
Jammikunta, Karimnagar-505122
PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE
AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
, PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
AGRICULTURAL POLYTECHNIC
Detailed Lecture Outline
DA-131 (Principles of Entomology and Productive Entomology)
Theory:
1. Introduction of Entomology
2. Characters of class Insecta – Division of class Insecta into subclasses – pterygota,
Apterygota, their characters, classifications and examples
3. Characters of Orthoptera
4. Orthoptera – Head, antenna, mouth parts, thorax, characters of wings, abdomen.
Examples of agricultural importance.
5. Characters of Thysanoptera
6. Thysanoptera – Segmented antenna, compound eyes, asymmetrical mouth parts, wing
characters, parthenogenetic type or reproduction.
7. Thysanoptera – example of agricultural importance.
8. Order Hemiptera Sub order Heteroptera characters
9. Heteroptera – 4 to 5 segmented antenna, well developed compound eyes, sucking type
of mouth parts, large pronotum, wing characters.
10. Sub Order Homoptera Characters
11. Homoptera – Head, compound eyes well developed, 3 to 10 segmented antenna.
Piercing and sucking type of mouth parts. Thoracic characters, wing characters.
12. Homoptera – insects sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction
13. Homoptera – Examples of agricultural importance.
14. Order Lepidoptera Characters
15. Lepidoptera – Mouth parts, head, compound eyes, characters of wings.
16. Lepidoptera – Differences between moths and butterflies
17. Lepidoptera – examples of agricultural importance.
18. Order Coleptera characters
19. Coleptera – antenna, bitting type of mouth parts, thoracic characters, wing characters
20. Coleptera - larval and pupa exarate
21. Coleptera - examples of agricultural importance
22. Order Hymenoptera characters
23. Hymenoptera – Head, well developed compound eyes, antenna, mouth parts, wing
characters, trochanter 1 or 2 segmented, abdominal characters
24. Hymenoptera – larval and pupal characters
25. Hymenoptera - examples of agricultural importance
26. Order Diptera characters
27. Diptera – Head, eyes, antenna, mouth parts, thoracic characters, wings, halters tarsus
5 segmented
28. Diptera – larval and pupal characters
29. Diptera - examples of agricultural importance
30. External characters of cockroach
, 31. Cockroach – segmentation, body regions, head, throax, abdomen, head, mouth parts
32. Cockroach- thorax – prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax,
33. Cockroach- legs and wings. Abdomen-anal ceric and styles.
34. Kinds of insects mouth parts
35. Biting and chewing type, sucking type, Rasping and sucking type
36. sponging and sucking type.
37. Different Types of injuries caused by insects
38. Different types of injuries and damage symptoms caused by insects
39. Introduction to Integrated Pest Management
40. Importance, concepts and principles of IPM
41. Bio agents – parasitoids and predators
42. Chemical control – Importance of pesticides
43. Classification of insecticides
44. Different formulations of insecticides
45. Study of important group of insecticides and their examples
46. Botanical insecticides – cyclodienes, organo phosphates, carbamates, synthetic
pyrethroids, novel insecticides nematicides, rodenticides, acaricides, antifeedants,
attractants, sex pheromones
47. Compatibility of insecticides – insecticides mixtures, phytotoxicity
Practical:
1. Methods of collection and preservation of insects including immature stages
2. External features of a grass hoper / Cockroach
3. Study of characters Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, Hymenoptera, Homoptera
4. Identification of different insects in order Lepidoptera, Coleptera, Hymenoptera and
Diptera
5. Study of important insecticide formulations and calculation of doses / concentrations
of different insecticide formulations
6. Growing of mulberry – land preparation, preparation of planting material for irrigated
and rainfed and planting
7. Maintaince of mulberry garden, cuttings of branches, fertilizers, irrigations and leaf
cutting
8. Pests and diseases of mulberry
9. Silkworm rearing room – rearing equipment and apparatus, resistance and hygiene
10. Rearing of early and last stage larvae of silkworm
11. Pests of silkworm
12. Diseases of silkworm
13. Different types of honeybees and their enemies
14. Different types Honey combs and their equipment, collection of honey
15. Study of lac insects and biology
16. Pests and diseases of lac insects
, Introduction of Arthopoda
Arthropoda is a largest order in animal kingdom. The word Arthopoda was taken from
from Greek. Arthropods are animals that lack a backbone. Such animals are said to
be invertebrates. The invertebratesincludes animals such as snails (molluscs), crabs
(crustaceans) and, of course, insects.
The arthropod body is supported by an hard, outer layer. This acts as an external skeleton -
or exoskeleton. The body muscles are attached to the inside of this exoskeleton. It is made up
of rings (called segments) which are attached to one another by flexible membranes. This
allows movement of the body to take place. The name arthropod refers to their jointed limbs,
which are their chief characteristic. (Arthros = joint, Podium = foot).
Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin,
often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments,
each with a pair of appendages. The rigid cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it
periodically by moulting. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses
an external skeleton. Some species have wings.
General Character:
1. Cosmopolitan in distribution found in aquatic, terrestrial and aerial forms.
Some are ectoparasitic and vectors of disease.
2. Body have jointed appendages or legs (which are modified to different structures to
perform different functions like jaws, gills, walking legs, paddle). There may be 3 pairs, 4
pairs, 5 pairs, many pairs.
3. Body is triploblastic.
4. Bilaterally symmetrical.
5. Organ system level of organization.
6. Body is divisible into head, thorax and abdomen.
7. This is the first group to develop a true head, which contains sense organs and feeding
organs specialized for their particular habitats.
8. Body is covered with chitinous exoskeleton.
9. They are haemocoelomate. Coelom i.e. body cavity is filled with blood or fluid.
10. Head bears a pair of compound eyes and antenna.
11. Locomotion takes place by jointed appendages.
12. Digestive system is complete, straight and well developed.
The mouth bears mouth parts for ingestion of foods. Mouths are modified for chewing,
biting, sponging, piercing, siphoning.
13. Respiration takes place by general body surface or gills (in Crustaceans) or trachea ( in
insects, diplopoda and chilopoda) or booklungs (Arachnida) and book gills (in king
cobra).
14. Circulatory system is of open type i.e. do not have blood vessels and enters directly into
the body chambers. The blood is colorless.
15. Excretion takes place through Malphigian tubules (in terrestrial form) or green glands or
coxal glands (in aquatic forms).
Nervous system is of annelidian type, which consists of brain and ventral nerve cord.
16. Unisexual i.e. sexes are separate.
