NUR 206ho3 Patphysiology Application Questions Final Exam 2024

A healthcare worker washes his/her hands before entering a patients room. What type of disease prevention is this? answers- Primary Prevention A 42 year old woman comes into the clinic for her annual Flu shot. What type of disease prevention is this? answers- Primary Prevention A 21 year old comes in for her annual doctors check up, and the provider says she will get a PAP smear done today. What type of disease prevention is this? answers- Secondary Prevention A diabetic comes into the lab for his 3 month check up on his HBA1C. What type of prevention is this? answers- Secondary Prevention After a code blue, a nurse says that her heart rate decreases, salvation occurs, and her stomach starts to rumble. What response is her CNS in? answers- Parasympathetic response A nurse notices her patient is not breathing and she calls a code blue. she reports that during the time she felt her heart beat faster, her breathing get faster, and that she could not empty her bladder. What response is her CNS in? answers- Sympathetic response This type of organelle is the control center and stores DNA and gene. What type of organelle is it? answers- Nucleus This type of organelle provides ATP to other cells and organelle. What type of organelle is it? answers- Mitochondria This type of organelle produces RNA and transcribes and translates DNA and RNA. What type of organelle is it? answers- Ribosome This type of organelle breaks down and digests dead cells, organelles and tissues. What type of organelle is it? answers- Lysosome This type of organelle is a folded membrane that helps move proteins around the cell. What type of organelle is it? answers- Rough ER This type of organelle helps to detoxify liver and kidney cells, lipid metabolism and synthesis of hormones. What type of organelle is it? answers- Smooth ER This type of organelle contains oxidase and catalase for breaking down hydrogen peroxide and metabolic wastes. What type of organelle is it? answers- Peroxisome This type of organelle helps the ER move things in and out of the cell. What type of organelle is it? answers- Golgi body A mom breastfeeds her 3 month old child. What type of immunity is the mom passing onto her child through this act? answers- Passive immunity A mother brings her child in for the hepatitis B. vaccine. What type of immunity is given through vaccinations? answers- Active immunity A child begins to have an allergic reaction to a bee sting. What type of hypersensitivity is it and what is the mediator? answers- Type 1 hypersensitivity, IgE mediator A child starts to develop red blisters, wheezing, and a runny nose after eating a peanut butter sandwich. Name the mediator responsible for these symptoms. answers- IgE mediator Blood transfusion reactions occur when the wrong blood is given to a patient, causing the blood to hemolyze and clump What is the hypersensitivity responsible for this and the mediator? answers- Type 2 hypersensitivity, Cytotoxic mediator A mom of a baby finds out the the baby has a positive blood type, while the mom has a negative blood type, causing the babies blood cells to be destroyed if Rhogam is not given to the mom. What type of mediator is involved with this situation? answers- Cytotoxic mediator Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus involve the immune system attacking its own tissues. What type of hypersensitivity is this and what is the mediator? answers- Type 3 hypersensitivity, Immune Complex mediator A child is seen to have red bumps on their skin 2 days after a hiking trip. The child said he accidentally ran into a bush. What type of hypersensitivity is this and what is the mediator? answers- Type 4 hypersensitivity, delayed cell mediator A client comes in for a TB test for work. He is then asked to come in 2 days later to have his test read. He questions why he has to do this. Explain why he has to do this and the type of mediator involved. answers- The cells responsible for the reaction are delayed and do not show up on the skin until at least 48 hours after the test. Delayed cell mediator A client finds a small tumor on her wrist that is spherical shaped and moves when her wrist moves. She says that over the last 5 years that her wrist went from nothing to a small coin size diameter for the tumor. What type of tumor does the client most likely have? answers- Benign tumor On her last mammogram, a 55 year old client is notified by her doctor that there is a mass on her right breast that is irregularly shaped. What type of tumor is this and should she be worried about it? answers- Malignant tumor. Yes she should be worried as the tumor can grow rapidly and move to other areas of the body. A client presents to the emergency room complaining of epigastric pain and blood in his vomit. After lab work is done, the doctor says his H/H is low. What condition does this client have? answers- Peptic Ulcer disease. Gastric Ulcers. A nursing student has to do a presentation on what causes Gastric Ulcers. One bacteria that they may find that contributes to the condition and thrives in an acidic environment is called? answers- H.Pylori Kayla notices that one leg seems to be much more swollen than another. She remembers that her albumin levels from her blood work from 2 days ago were low. What condition is Kayla experiencing? answers- Edema- from accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces Angel just had surgery and reports to the nurse that 6 hours post surgery she is not able to have a bowel movement yet. What condition is Angel experiencing and what is the cause of it? answers- Functional Bowel Obstruction -because of the surgery the anesthesia temporarily slows bowel movement Asher reports to the nurse during shift change that he came in to fix intussusception of his large intestine. The nurse knows that intussusception is what type of condition? answers- Mechanical Bowel Obstruction A young 15 year old girl comes into the ER with symptoms of dull, stabbing pain in her right lower quadrant. The nurse thinks the girl might be suffering from? answers- Appendicitis The nurse thinks that her 30 year old male has appendicitis. She performs a test to see if her suspicions are correct by pressing on certain areas of the patients stomach, noting any pain upon removal of pressure . What is the technique called that she is performing and what is the pain called if the client has pain after removal of pressure? answers- McBurney's point, Rebound tenderness A nurse on a medical floor notices her new admit has yellow stained eyes. What condition results in yellow stained eyes? answers- Jaundice Upon examination of a 50 year old male, the nurse notices the clients abdomen is obtuse. The client tells the nurse that he has had liver disease for the past 4 years. What is the name of the condition the client is experiencing? answers- Ascites A 34 year old starts experiencing signs of dementia 48 hours after finding out he has liver disease from chronic alcohol use. The nurse wants to figure out why he is acting like this, so she looks up his labs and sees a high ammonia level. What condition is the client experiencing? answers- Hepatic Encephalopathy At a clinic, the nurse asks the patient for any surgical history and the client tells the nurse that he had bands placed in his throat as his portal hypertension from his liver disease became so bad that bleeding occurred. What condition does the client have that lead to bands being placed in this throat? answers- Esophageal Varices A nursing student asks her clincial instructor what are the functions of the kidneys, as her client has End Stage Renal Disease. The clinical instructor tells her he functions of the kidney are: answers- Excretion: removing waste products from blood and body fluids;Elimination: removing waste products from the body by urination; Regulation of blood volume, pH and nutrients A nursing student helps her preceptor get a urine sample to send of to the lab for a culture and sensitivity. The nursing student notices the clients urine is cloudy and amber colored. She asks her preceptor why the urine might be like this. the preceptor responds to her: answers- abnormal urinalysis findings include dark strong smelling urine, cloudy urine, ketones, glucose, proteins, and blood are all abnormal findings A dialysis nurse is looking through the patients history before starting the procedure. In the chart, the doctor notes the client is receiving dialysis because he has fluid filled sacs on his right kidney, that his mom had as well. What is the name of the condition that the client has? answers- Polycystic Kidney disease A nurse assess a client and notices they have pain when the CVA angle is tested. What condition do they most likely have? answers- Pyelonephritis A client comes into the emergency department saying that she cannot go pee. A CT scan is performed and there is a kidney stone noted. What is another name for the condition of kidney stones? answers- Nephrolithiasis A client comes in saying they have had low urine output and sudden reduction of kidney function for the past 2 days, yet they are drinking fluids. The lab tests revel a low GFR and high BUN/CRE. What condition might the client have? answers- Acute Kidney Injury A client who has hypovolemia and hypotension comes into the ER complaining that he cannot pee like he usually does. the nurse knows he has AKI, but she wants to know the cause for why his kidneys are acting like this. What is the cause of this clients AKI? answers- Prerenal- because he has low blood volume and low blood pressure A client who has just had contrast dye from a CT done tells the nurse a couple hours later that he cannot go pee like he did before the test. The nurse knows the type of cause for his AKI is: answers- Intrarenal- because he had contrast dye hours earlier A client comes in for his chemotherapy session. What type of prevention is this? answers- Tertiary Prevention A client is admitted because he has a tumor in his ureter constricting urine flow, causing AKI. What type of cause is the clients AKI? answers- Postrenal- since it is from an obstruction in the lower areas of the urinary system, causing damage to the kidneys. A patient is on the surgical floor after getting metal screws in his broken leg. A nurse who is doing her assessment notices that the patients leg is swollen and pale. She tries to find a pulse and she cannot. The patient screams out in pain during the whole assessment. What conditions is the patient suffering from? answers- Compartment Syndrome A patient is recently diagnosed with compartment syndrome. During shift change, the nurse tells the other nurse that they will be going to surgery that day to fix what might be causing it. What procedure is the patient going to be having today and is it emergent or not? answers- Fasciotomy, yes it is because increased pressure can lead to tissue death and ischemia. A student nurse is taking an exam and is asked about the 5 p's of compartment syndrome. It is a select all that apply question. Out of these choices, which should she choose: pain, purple, pulselessness, paresthesia, pneumonia, pallor, paralysis, pulse, and pink answers- pain, pulselessness, paresthesia, pallor and paralysis A client comes into the ER with a wound near her coccyx that is bleeding and deep. Her caretaker comes with and tells the triage nurse that she lives in a nursing home and she is bedridden and incontinent. What is the name for the wound the client has? answers- Pressure Ulcer A student nurse is completing a care plan for the older adult who has a pressure ulcer. She wants to know what are some of the risk factors for pressure ulcers. What are some things that she can include in her care plan? answers- poor nutrition, dehydration, aging, immobility, sensory loss, bowel and bladder incontinence A group of CNA's have to go to a in-service on preventing pressure ulcers. The chief nurse explains some common areas and techniques to prevent pressure ulcers with their residents. What are the places and techniques this nurse is explaining about ? answers- Places: any boney prominence, buttock, coccyx, elbows, heels, shoulders, back of head. Prevent: turning patients every 2 hours, floating heels and elbows off bed, giving adequate nutrition and hydration, clean linens, using barrier cream, doing incontinence care, moving patients. A client is bed bound on a unit, and the nurse notices a small amount of red skin that is non blanching on the clients buttock when doing her skin assessment. What type of pressure ulcer might this be? answers- Stage 1 pressure ulcer A elderly client who is bed bound presents during incontinence care a small wound on the butt that has partial skin loss. What type of pressure ulcer is this? answers- Stage 2 pressure ulcer A elderly client presents to the ER with a wound she has had for months which nursing staff at her skilled nursing facility could not cure. The wound has full tissue loss with visible fat. What stage is this pressure ulcer in? answers- Stage 3 pressure ulcer