NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY
CARE STUDY GUIDE - 400 LATEST 2024 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADE/2024 VERSION
The bronchial tree develops by ________________. -Answer-week 16 of
intrauterine life
After birth, the alveoli develop in increasing numbers until the age of
_____________. -Answer-8 years (until the growth of the chest wall is finished).
The full-term infant -Answer-- Has an estimated 50 million alveoli
- Has the potential to add another 250 million alveoli
Phases of Intrauterine Lung Growth -Answer-
1. Embyronal
2. Pseudoglandular
3. Canalicular
4. Saccular
5. Alveolar
Embryonal Phase -Answer—
- The lung begins to emerge as a bud from the pharynx 26 days after conception
- Lung bud elongates and forms two bronchial buds
- The diaphragm also develops during the embryonal stage of lung development
- * Errors can occur in this stage resulting in laryngeal, tracheal, and esophageal
atresia or stenosis.
Day 26-52: development of trachea and major bronchi, diaphragm
The lung begins to emerge as a bud from the pharynx ____________. -Answer-26
days after conception
Lung bud elongates and forms _____________. -Answer-two bronchial buds
, NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY
CARE STUDY GUIDE - 400 LATEST 2024 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADE/2024 VERSION
Pseudo glandular Phase -Answer-- Conducting airways continue to develop and
subdivide
Day 52-week 16: development of remaining conducting airways
Canalicular Phase –Answer-
- Appearance of surfactant (reduces surface tension)
- Pulmonary acinar units form:
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- Extrauterine viability
- 22 to 24 weeks
Week 17-week 26: development of the vascular bed, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Extrauterine viability –Answer-
- 22 to 24 weeks
- Structures for gas exchange begin at the end of this phase
Saccular Phase –Answer-
- At the beginning of this phase, the terminal structures are referred to as saccules
- Relatively smooth-walled, cylindrical structures
Week 26-week 36: increased complexity of saccules
Alveolar Stage -Answer-Week 36-term: development of alveoli
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli occurs over the ___________. -Answer-
first 1.5 years of life
, NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY
CARE STUDY GUIDE - 400 LATEST 2024 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADE/2024 VERSION
Pulmonary hypoplasia -Answer-
- Can develop during the pseudoglandular phase.
- An incomplete development of the lungs
- If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase, __________________. -Answer-
severe respiratory distress may develop (infant respiratory distress syndrome)
Surfactant Production -Answer-
- The primary role of surfactant is to lower the surface tension within the alveolus
- Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse
Fetal lung liquid ________. -Answer-is essential for normal lung development
How much lung fluid per day? -Answer-250 to 300 mL
Embryonic Germ Layers -Answer-
- Ectoderm
- Endoderm—respiratory system
- Mesoderm
Ectoderm -Answer-
- Brain and spinal cord
- Nervous system (spinal and cranial nerves)
- Sensory Epithelia of the eyes, inner ears and nose
- Skin
- Enamel
Endoderm -Answer-
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system (pharynx, lungs, epithelial lining of the trachea and lungs)
, NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY
CARE STUDY GUIDE - 400 LATEST 2024 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADE/2024 VERSION
- Urinary system (bladder)
Mesoderm -Answer-
- Cardiovascular system: heart and blood vessels
- Connective tissue: cartilage, bone marrow
- Kidneys, spleen
Wharton's jelly -Answer-
- gelatinous substance inside the umbilical cord
- prevents kinking of the cord
Heart -Answer-
- First complete organ formed
- Begins during the 3rd week of gestation
Blood Flow through the Heart -Answer-- Blood enters the heart through two large
veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood (blue
blood) from the body into the right atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts,
blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open
tricuspid valve.
- Blood leaves the right atrium through the pulmonary trunk and enters the lungs
through the pulmonary arteries.
- After blood passes through the lungs, it returns to the left atrium via the
pulmonary veins. The oxygen rich blood "Red Blood" travels from the left atrium
to the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve (mitral valve).
- The blood then travels to the aorta
The fetal circulation pathway ______________. -Answer-allows blood flow to be
shunted around the fetal liver and lungs.
CARE STUDY GUIDE - 400 LATEST 2024 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADE/2024 VERSION
The bronchial tree develops by ________________. -Answer-week 16 of
intrauterine life
After birth, the alveoli develop in increasing numbers until the age of
_____________. -Answer-8 years (until the growth of the chest wall is finished).
The full-term infant -Answer-- Has an estimated 50 million alveoli
- Has the potential to add another 250 million alveoli
Phases of Intrauterine Lung Growth -Answer-
1. Embyronal
2. Pseudoglandular
3. Canalicular
4. Saccular
5. Alveolar
Embryonal Phase -Answer—
- The lung begins to emerge as a bud from the pharynx 26 days after conception
- Lung bud elongates and forms two bronchial buds
- The diaphragm also develops during the embryonal stage of lung development
- * Errors can occur in this stage resulting in laryngeal, tracheal, and esophageal
atresia or stenosis.
Day 26-52: development of trachea and major bronchi, diaphragm
The lung begins to emerge as a bud from the pharynx ____________. -Answer-26
days after conception
Lung bud elongates and forms _____________. -Answer-two bronchial buds
, NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY
CARE STUDY GUIDE - 400 LATEST 2024 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADE/2024 VERSION
Pseudo glandular Phase -Answer-- Conducting airways continue to develop and
subdivide
Day 52-week 16: development of remaining conducting airways
Canalicular Phase –Answer-
- Appearance of surfactant (reduces surface tension)
- Pulmonary acinar units form:
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- Extrauterine viability
- 22 to 24 weeks
Week 17-week 26: development of the vascular bed, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
Extrauterine viability –Answer-
- 22 to 24 weeks
- Structures for gas exchange begin at the end of this phase
Saccular Phase –Answer-
- At the beginning of this phase, the terminal structures are referred to as saccules
- Relatively smooth-walled, cylindrical structures
Week 26-week 36: increased complexity of saccules
Alveolar Stage -Answer-Week 36-term: development of alveoli
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli occurs over the ___________. -Answer-
first 1.5 years of life
, NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY
CARE STUDY GUIDE - 400 LATEST 2024 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADE/2024 VERSION
Pulmonary hypoplasia -Answer-
- Can develop during the pseudoglandular phase.
- An incomplete development of the lungs
- If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase, __________________. -Answer-
severe respiratory distress may develop (infant respiratory distress syndrome)
Surfactant Production -Answer-
- The primary role of surfactant is to lower the surface tension within the alveolus
- Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse
Fetal lung liquid ________. -Answer-is essential for normal lung development
How much lung fluid per day? -Answer-250 to 300 mL
Embryonic Germ Layers -Answer-
- Ectoderm
- Endoderm—respiratory system
- Mesoderm
Ectoderm -Answer-
- Brain and spinal cord
- Nervous system (spinal and cranial nerves)
- Sensory Epithelia of the eyes, inner ears and nose
- Skin
- Enamel
Endoderm -Answer-
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system (pharynx, lungs, epithelial lining of the trachea and lungs)
, NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY
CARE STUDY GUIDE - 400 LATEST 2024 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE AND
CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADE/2024 VERSION
- Urinary system (bladder)
Mesoderm -Answer-
- Cardiovascular system: heart and blood vessels
- Connective tissue: cartilage, bone marrow
- Kidneys, spleen
Wharton's jelly -Answer-
- gelatinous substance inside the umbilical cord
- prevents kinking of the cord
Heart -Answer-
- First complete organ formed
- Begins during the 3rd week of gestation
Blood Flow through the Heart -Answer-- Blood enters the heart through two large
veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood (blue
blood) from the body into the right atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts,
blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open
tricuspid valve.
- Blood leaves the right atrium through the pulmonary trunk and enters the lungs
through the pulmonary arteries.
- After blood passes through the lungs, it returns to the left atrium via the
pulmonary veins. The oxygen rich blood "Red Blood" travels from the left atrium
to the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve (mitral valve).
- The blood then travels to the aorta
The fetal circulation pathway ______________. -Answer-allows blood flow to be
shunted around the fetal liver and lungs.
