INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
- Is the outer covering of the body PHYSICAL FACTORS IN THE SKIN
- Includes the:
o skin and all structures Stratified squamous epithelium
o hair - epidermis layer provides a large number of
o setae layers of cells, preventing most bacteria
o feathers invasion
o horns
o scales Keratinized Cells
- many invertebrates have a single-layered - in the stratum corneum layer of the
epidermis covering the body epidermis provides a physical barrier against
- others have added secreted non-cellular most invasion
cuticle over the epidermis
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Mollusks
- have delicate epidermis that’s why it needs a White Blood Cells such as macrophages destroy
shell for protection most invaded bacteria and other foreign substances
FUNCTION EXCRETION
1. Protection - waste materials such as ammonia, urea, and
2. Excretion excessive salt are eliminated from sweating
BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION
Sweating
- by the sweat glands promotes evaporation
resulting in a loss of excessive body heat
Vasoconstriction
- by arterioles (small arteries)
- the dermis layer provides a smaller surface
area in the blood vessels resulting in less
heat loss
Vasodilation
- arterioles in the dermis layer
- provides a larger surface area in the blood
vessels, resulting in greater heat loss
PROTECTION
Cutaneous Sensation
CHEMICAL FACTORS IN THE SKIN - nerve receptors in the dermis layers detect
sensations such as heat, cold, pain,
Sebum pressure, and touch, allowing the body to be
- Oil aware of these stimuli
- The sebaceous glands are slightly acidic,
retarding bacterial colonization on the skin Vitamin D Synthesis
surface - ultraviolet radiation in the sunlight activates a
Sweat series of chemical reactions in the epidermis
- The sudoriferous glands are slightly layer, resulting in the synthesis of vitamins
hypertonic and can flush off most bacteria on from the modification of cholesterol for the
the skin's surface absorption of calcium
Melanin MAMMALIAN SKIN
- skin pigment
- from melanocytes avoids excessive Mammals body is mostly covered with hair
ultraviolet radiation from penetrating the skin - some with reduced coverage
layers - presence of sweat, scent, and sebaceous
glands
- underneath the skin is a thick layer of fat
- Is the outer covering of the body PHYSICAL FACTORS IN THE SKIN
- Includes the:
o skin and all structures Stratified squamous epithelium
o hair - epidermis layer provides a large number of
o setae layers of cells, preventing most bacteria
o feathers invasion
o horns
o scales Keratinized Cells
- many invertebrates have a single-layered - in the stratum corneum layer of the
epidermis covering the body epidermis provides a physical barrier against
- others have added secreted non-cellular most invasion
cuticle over the epidermis
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Mollusks
- have delicate epidermis that’s why it needs a White Blood Cells such as macrophages destroy
shell for protection most invaded bacteria and other foreign substances
FUNCTION EXCRETION
1. Protection - waste materials such as ammonia, urea, and
2. Excretion excessive salt are eliminated from sweating
BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION
Sweating
- by the sweat glands promotes evaporation
resulting in a loss of excessive body heat
Vasoconstriction
- by arterioles (small arteries)
- the dermis layer provides a smaller surface
area in the blood vessels resulting in less
heat loss
Vasodilation
- arterioles in the dermis layer
- provides a larger surface area in the blood
vessels, resulting in greater heat loss
PROTECTION
Cutaneous Sensation
CHEMICAL FACTORS IN THE SKIN - nerve receptors in the dermis layers detect
sensations such as heat, cold, pain,
Sebum pressure, and touch, allowing the body to be
- Oil aware of these stimuli
- The sebaceous glands are slightly acidic,
retarding bacterial colonization on the skin Vitamin D Synthesis
surface - ultraviolet radiation in the sunlight activates a
Sweat series of chemical reactions in the epidermis
- The sudoriferous glands are slightly layer, resulting in the synthesis of vitamins
hypertonic and can flush off most bacteria on from the modification of cholesterol for the
the skin's surface absorption of calcium
Melanin MAMMALIAN SKIN
- skin pigment
- from melanocytes avoids excessive Mammals body is mostly covered with hair
ultraviolet radiation from penetrating the skin - some with reduced coverage
layers - presence of sweat, scent, and sebaceous
glands
- underneath the skin is a thick layer of fat
