Medical Terminology Systems A Body System Approach 8th Edition

F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 Copyright © 2017 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 2017 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This product is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher: T. Quincy McDonald Director of Content Development: George W. Lang Developmental Editor: Brenna Mayer Art and Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gylys, Barbara A., author. | Wedding, Mary Ellen, author. Title: Medical terminology systems : a body systems approach / Barbara A. Gylys, Mary Ellen Wedding. Description: Eighth edition. | Philadelphia : F.A. Davis Company, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Identifiers: LCCN | ISBN 9780803658677 (pbk.) | ISBN 0803658672 (pbk.) Subjects: | MESH: Terminology as Topic | Problems and Exercises Classification: LCC R123 | NLM W 15 | DDC 610.1/4—dc23 LC record available at Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: /17 0 + $.25. 5867_FM_i-xxvi 12/01/17 12:22 PM Page iv This Book Is Dedicated with Love To my best friend, colleague, and husband, Dr. Julius A. Gylys, and to my children, Regina Maria and Dr. Julius Anthony, and to my grandchildren, Andrew Masters, Dr. Julia Halm, Caitlin Masters, Anthony Bishop-Gylys, Matthew Bishop-Gylys, and the little ones, Liam, Harrison, and Emmett Halm B.A.G. To my loving grandchildren, Andrew Arthur Kurtz, Katherine Louise Kurtz, Daniel Keith Wedding II, Carol Ann Estelle Wedding, Jonathan Michael Kurtz, Donald Keith Wedding III, Emily Michelle Wedding, Katelyn Christine Wedding, and David Michael Wedding M.E.W. 5867_FM_i-xxvi 12/01/17 12:22 PM Page v 5867_FM_i-xxvi 12/01/17 12:22 PM Page vi Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of F. A. Davis’s editorial and production team who were responsible for this project: • Quincy McDonald, Publisher, who provided the overall design and layout for the eighth edition. His vision and guidance focused the authors at the onset of the project, and his support throughout this endeavor provided cohesiveness. • Brenna H. Mayer, Developmental Editor, whose careful and conscientious edits and suggestions for the manuscript are evident throughout the entire work. Her enthusiasm and untiring assistance and support during this project are deeply appreciated, and the authors extend their sincerest gratitude. • George W. Lang, Director of Content Development, who meticulously guided the manuscript through the developmental and production phases of the textbook. • Margaret Biblis, Editor-in-Chief, once again provided her support and efforts for the quality of the finished product. In addition, we wish to acknowledge the many exceptionally dedicated publishing partners who helped in this publication: • Nichole Liccio, Editorial Associate • Elizabeth Bales, Developmental Editor and Digital Products Manager • Kate Margeson, Illustrations Coordinator • Bob Butler, Production Manager • Carolyn O’Brien, Art and Design Manager • Cynthia Breuninger, Managing Editor • Kirk Pedrick, Director, Digital Solutions • Julie Chase, Content Product Manager We also extend our sincerest appreciation to Neil Kelly, Executive Director of Sales, and his staff of sales representatives whose continued efforts have undoubtedly contributed to the success of this textbook. vii 5867_FM_i-xxvi 12/01/17 12:22 PM Page vii 5867_FM_i-xxvi 12/01/17 12:22 PM Page viii Preface Building on the success of previous editions, Medical Terminology Systems, 8th edition, continues its well-established record of presenting medical word building principles based on competencybased curricula. Because of the pedagogical success of previous editions, the 8th edition continues its structural design as a textbook–workbook that complements all teaching formats, including traditional lecture, distance learning, and independent or self-paced study. The 8th edition continues to present eponyms without showing the possessive form, such as Bowman capsule, Cushing syndrome, and Parkinson disease. Medical dictionaries as well as the American Association for Medical Transcription and the American Medical Association support these changes. The popular basic features of the previous edition have been enhanced and expanded. The updated body systems chapters include diseases and conditions, current medical and diagnostic procedures, treatments, and pharmaceutical agents. The textbook continues to present authentic medical records with activities designed to enhance application of medical terminology to the “real world of medicine.” This approach provides the essential tools students of various learning levels need to communicate effectively in today’s health-care settings. As in earlier editions, illustrations that clearly and accurately enhance textual material are integrated throughout the textbook. Medical Terminology Systems, 8th edition, includes over 36 new illustrations specifically designed to portray real-life medical conditions, procedures, and treatments. The illustrations supplement course content in new and interesting ways and help make difficult concepts clear. Unique to this edition are innovative illustrations created for Chapters 1 through 3 to help students understand the various applications of suffixes and prefixes in word building. Also new to the 8th edition are Documenting Health-Care Activities sections in each body systems chapter. These sections emphasize the role of the electronic medical record (EMR) in today’s health-care industry. Documenting Health-Care Activities are first introduced in Chapter 4, Body Structure. The introduction provides information related to the transition of the medical record from a paper medical chart to a digital version. Reinforcement of this introduction continues throughout each body systems chapter so that students fully understand how today’s digital medical record allows practitioners to electronically monitor and track the history of a patient’s medical treatment. Although the fundamental characteristics of the 8th edition remain the same as those in previous editions, this edition offers significant updates and enhancements to aid in the learning process and improve retention of medical terms. To achieve this goal, each illustration in the textbook presents clinically accurate and aesthetically pleasing representations of anatomical structures, disease conditions, and medical procedures. In addition, ICD-10-PCS replacement terms for discontinued eponyms are summarized in Appendix H. As in previous editions, we continue to incorporate the excellent suggestions offered by instructors and students and appreciate all of their contributions. Undoubtedly, the recommendations have helped make Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach a leading textbook in educational institutions and one that continues to be well received by instructors and students. Here is a brief summary of chapter content: • Chapter 1 explains the techniques of medical word building using basic word elements. • Chapter 2 categorizes major surgical, diagnostic, symptomatic, and grammatical suffixes. • Chapter 3 presents major prefixes of position, number and measurement, direction, and other parameters. • Chapter 4 introduces anatomical, physiological, and pathological terms. It also presents combining forms denoting cellular and body structures, body position and direction, and regions of the body, in addition to combining forms related to diagnostic methods and pathology. General diagnostic and therapeutic terms are described and provide a solid foundation for specific terms addressed in the body systems chapters that follow. • Chapters 5 through 16 are organized according to specific body systems and may be taught in any sequence. These chapters include key anatomical and physiological terms, basic anatomy and physiology, a body systems connections table, and a comprehensive table of word elements, including combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes. The remaining chapter material consists of a disease focus section, followed by tables that include updated diseases and conditions; diagnostic, surgical, and therapeutic procedures; pharmacology; and abbreviations. Each body systems chapter concludes with several learning activities that assess comprehension of material and medical record activities that ix 5867_FM_i-xxvi 12/01/17 12:22 PM Page ix illustrate various clinical applications and reinforce medical record documentation. • Appendix A: Answer Key contains answers to each learning activity to validate proficiency and provide immediate feedback for student assessment. Although the answer key for the terminology section of each Documenting HealthCare Activity is not included in this appendix, it is available to adopters in the Instructor’s Guide. • Appendix B: Common Abbreviations and Symbols includes an updated, comprehensive list of medical abbreviations and their meanings and an updated summary of common symbols. • Appendix C: Glossary of Medical Word Elements contains alphabetical lists of medical word elements and their meanings. This appendix presents two methods for wordelement indexing—first by medical word element, then by English term. • Appendix D: Index of Genetic Disorders lists genetic disorders presented in the textbook. • Appendix E: Index of Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Procedures lists radiographic and other diagnostic imaging procedures presented in the textbook. • Appendix F: Index of Pharmacology lists drug classifications presented in the textbook. • Appendix G: Index of Oncological Terms lists oncological diseases presented in the textbook. • Appendix H: Index of Discontinued Abbreviations and Eponyms summarizes abbreviations discontinued in medical charts. It also contains discontinued eponyms along with their replacement terms for coding purposes. Medical Language Lab (MLL) Included in every new copy of Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach, 8th edition, is access to the ultimate online medical terminology resource for students. The MLL is a rich learning environment utilizing proven language development methods to help students become effective users of medical language. To access the MLL, students simply go to allanguagelab. com and redeem the access code provided in their new copies of Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach, 8th edition. Each lesson in the MLL teaches students how to listen critically for important terms, respond to terms using medical terminology, and generate their own terminology-rich writing and speaking skills. By following the activities in each lesson, students graduate from simple memorization to becoming stronger users of medical language. In addition, the MLL provides students with a wide variety of practice activities that help them to solidify their recall of key terms from the chapter. It also contains an audio glossary in which students can hear words pronounced and used properly in context. Designed to work seamlessly with Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach, 8th edition, each activity in the MLL has been crafted with content specific to the textbook. Every chapter in Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach, 8th edition, contains a corresponding lesson in the MLL that is relevant and useful in helping students develop medical terminology skills. Instructors benefit from an instructor’s page that is powerful yet easy to understand and allows them to decide which chapters and activities will be available to their students. Instructors also control how the MLL reports student scores, either through the native MLL grade book or to their own BlackBoard, Angel, Moodle, or SCORMcompliant course management solution. DavisPlus Online Resource Center Although the study of medical terminology demands hard work and discipline, various self-paced activities offer interest and variety to the learning process. Many activities and resources are available to adopters of the textbook at the DavisPlus Instructor and Student Online Resource Center. The Online Resource Center is designed to help teachers teach and students learn medical terminology in an exciting, challenging, effective fashion. Visit for the Instructor and Student Online Resource Center to explore the various ancillaries available for instructors and students. Instructor Online Resource Center The DavisPlus Instructor Online Resource Center provides many updated, innovative instructional activities. These activities make teaching medical terminology easier and more effective. Teachers can use the supplemental activities in various educational settings—traditional classroom, distance learning, or independent or self-paced studies. The many ancillaries help instructors maximize the benefits of the textbook and include the following: • Electronic test bank with ExamView Pro test-generating software • PowerPoint presentations for each chapter x Preface 5867_FM_i-xxvi 12/01/17 12:22 PM Page x Preface xi • Searchable image bank • Printable Instructor’s Guide • Resources in Blackboard, Angel, Moodle, and SCORM formats Electronic Test Bank This edition offers a powerful updated ExamView Pro test-generating program that allows instructors to create custom-made or randomly generated tests in a printable or online format from a test bank of more than 2,500 test items. PowerPoint Lecture Notes The lecture notes provide a unique and reinforcing dimension to the learning process. Over 1,400 slides are carefully designed to supplement and augment the material covered in the textbook. The PowerPoint presentations suggest various teaching techniques to make learning and teaching profoundly effective. Notes at the bottom of various slides offer faculty suggestions to tailor or expand the presentations to suit their individual academic needs. Each chapter has an outline-based presentation, consisting of a chapter overview, main functions of the body system, and selected pathology, vocabulary, and procedures. Included are interactive clinically related exercises that highlight real-life situations. Full-color illustrations reinforce many of the clinically related exercises. Image Bank The image bank contains all illustrations from the textbook. It is fully searchable and allows users to zoom in and out and display a JPG image of an illustration that can be copied into a Microsoft Word document or PowerPoint presentation. Instructor’s Guide The printable Instructor’s Guide is a resource full of instructional activities that have been updated to meet today’s instructional needs. It is available in PDF format on the Instructor’s Online Resource Center and includes the following elements: • Suggested Course Outlines. Course outlines of various lengths, provide effective methods of covering material presented in the textbook. A course outline is also provided for TermPlus, the interactive software that is available separately from F. A. Davis Co. The outline makes it easy to correlate the instructional software with the textbook chapters. • Student- and Instructor-Directed Activities. These comprehensive teaching aids are updated and extended for this edition. They offer an assortment of activities for each body systems chapter that are easily incorporated as course requirements, supplemental activities, or collaborative projects. Included are peer evaluation forms and community and Internet resources. This section provides an updated list of resources, including technical journals, community organizations, and Internet sites to complement course content. • Supplemental Documenting Health-Care Activities. The supplemental medical record activities have been updated to parallel the new Documenting Health-Care Activities sections presented in each of the body systems chapters. As in the textbook, these activities use actual medical records to show how medical terminology is used to document patient care. Terminology and analysis exercises reinforce the medical vocabulary in the report to help students develop critical thinking skills. Instructors can use the answer key for grading purposes or give it to the students for selfevaluation. In addition, they can use these medical records for various activities, including oral reports, medical coding, medical transcribing, or individual assignments. • Pronunciations and Answer Keys. Answer keys are provided in the IG for the activities in the Medical Word Elements tables and Documenting Health-Care Activities Terminology tables in the textbook. These keys should prove helpful for grading or for class presentations. Student Online Resource Center The DavisPlus Student Online Resource Center includes many user-friendly activities to reinforce material covered in the textbook. At the same time, it is structured to make learning medical terminology an exciting, challenging activity. Resources include medical record activities, audio tutorials, and animations. Reinforcement of Medical Record Activities Health-care providers in hospitals, medical centers, and private practice facilities dictate various types of medical reports that become part of the electronic medical record. Included are chart notes, history and physical examinations, progress notes, consultation