Foundations chapter questions with
correct answers A+ graded 2024 solution
A patient discharged a week ago following a stroke is currently participating in
rehabilitation sessions provided by nurses, physical therapists, and registered dietitians
in an outpatient setting. In what level of prevention is the patient participating?
1. Primary prevention
2. Secondary prevention
3. Tertiary prevention
4. Transtheoretical prevention - answer 3. Tertiary prevention
Based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change, what is the most appropriate response
to a patient who states: "Me, stop smoking? I've been smoking since I was 16!"
1. "That's fine. Some people who smoke live a long life."
2. "OK. I want you to decrease the number of cigarettes you smoke by one each day,
and I'll see you in 1 month."
3. "What do you think is the greatest reason why stopping smoking would be
challenging for you?"
4. "I'd like you to attend a smoking-cessation class - answer 3. "What do you think is
the greatest reason why stopping smoking would be challenging for you?"
A nurse working on a medical patient care unit states, "I am having trouble sleeping,
and I eat nonstop when I get home. All I can think of when I get to work is how I can't
wait for my shift to be over. I wish I felt happy again." What are the best responses from
the nurse manager? (Select all that apply.)
1. "I'm sure this is just a phase you are going through. Hang in there. You'll feel better
soon."
2. "I know several nurses who feel this way every now and then. Tell me about the
patients you have cared for recently. Did you find it difficult to care for them?"
3. "You can take diphenhydramine over the counter to help you sleep at night."
4. "Describe for me what you do with your time when you are not working." 5. "The
hospital just started a group where nurses get together to talk about their feelings.
Would you like for me to e-mail the schedule to you?" - answer 2. "I know several
nurses who feel this way every now and then. Tell me about the patients you have
cared for recently. Did you find it difficult to care for them?"
4. "Describe for me what you do with your time when you are not working."
,5. "The hospital just started a group where nurses get together to talk about their
feelings. Would you like for me to e-mail the schedule to you?"
A patient has been laid off from his construction job and has many unpaid bills. He is
going through a divorce from his marriage of 15 years and has been praying daily to
help him through this difficult time. He does not have a primary health care provider
because he has never really been sick, and his parents never took him to a physician
when he was a child. Which external variables influence the patient's health practices?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Difficulty paying his bills
2. Praying daily
3. Age of patient (46 years)
4. Stress from the divorce and the loss of a job
5. Family practice of not routinely seeing a health care provider - answer 1. Difficulty
paying his bills
5. Family practice of not routinely seeing a health care provider
A nurse is conducting a home visit with a new mom and her three children. While in the
home the nurse weighs each family member and reviews their 3-day food diary. She
checks the mom's blood pressure and encourages the mom to take the children for a
30-minute walk every day. The nurse is addressing which level of need, according to
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
1. Physiological
2. Safety and security
3. Love and belonging
4. Self-actualization - answer 1. Physiological
When taking care of patients, a nurse routinely asks whether they take any vitamins or
herbal medications, encourages family members to bring in music that the patients like
to help the patients relax, and frequently prays with her patients if that is important to
them. The nurse is practicing which model?
1. Holistic
2. Health belief
3. Transtheoretical
4. Health promotion - answer 1. Holistic
Using the Transtheoretical Model of Change, order the steps that a patient goes through
to make a lifestyle change related to physical activity.
1. The individual recognizes that he is out of shape when his daughter asks him to walk
with her after school.
2. Eight months after beginning walking, the individual participates with his wife in a
local 5K race.
3. The individual becomes angry when the physician tells him that he needs to increase
his activity to lose 30 pounds.
4. The individual walks 2 to 3 miles, 5 nights a week, with his wife.
5. The individual visits the local running store to purchase walking shoes and obtain
advice on a walking plan. - answer 3, 1, 5, 4, 2
,Which of the following are symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and burnout that
commonly affect nurses? (Select all that apply.)
1. Regular participation in a book club
2. Lack of interest in exercise
3. Difficulty falling asleep
4. Lack of desire to go to work
5. Anxiety while working - answer 2. Lack of interest in exercise
3. Difficulty falling asleep
4. Lack of desire to go to work
5. Anxiety while working
As part of a faith community nursing program in her church, a nurse is developing a
health promotion program on breast self-examination for the women's group. Which
statement made by one of the participants is related to the individual's accurate
perception of susceptibility to an illness?
1. "I have a hanging tag on my bathroom door to remind me to do my breast self-
examination monthly." 2. "Since my mother had breast cancer, I know that I am at
increased risk for developing breast cancer."
3. "Since I am only 25 years of age, the risk of breast cancer for me is very low."
4. "I participate every year in o - answer 2. "Since my mother had breast cancer, I
know that I am at increased risk for developing breast cancer."
. A nurse encounters the patient's wife, who is tearful and worried. Her husband was
just transferred from his room to the operating room for a complex cardiovascular
surgery. The nurse brings the wife a glass of water and encourages her to talk about
her fears. The nurse remains in the room quietly listening. What caring behaviors is the
nurse demonstrating? (Select all that apply.)
1. Touching
2. Listening
3. Knowing
4. Presence
5. Spiritual care - answer 2. Listening
4. Presence
A nurse needs to use clinical judgment before planning and implementing any touch
interventions. What does the nurse need to understand about the use of touch? (Select
all that apply.)
1. Some cultures may have specific restrictions about non-skillbased touch.
2. Touch is a form of nonverbal communication.
3. Touch reduces only physical pain. 4. Touch can successfully influence a patient's
level of comfort.
5. There is never a problem with using touch at any time. - answer 1. Some cultures
may have specific restrictions about non-skillbased touch.
2. Touch is a form of nonverbal communication.
4. Touch can successfully influence a patient's level of comfort.
, A young woman comes to a clinic for the first time for a gynecological examination. She
asks about the procedure, who will be in the room with her, and does she have to
remove all her clothes. Which nursing behavior applies Swanson's caring process of
"knowing" the patient?
1. Sharing feelings about the importance of having regular gynecological examinations
2. Explaining risk factors for cervical cancer
3. Recognizing that the patient is modest and maintaining her privacy during the
examination
4. Asking the patient what it means to have a vaginal examination - answer 3.
Recognizing that the patient is modest and maintaining her privacy during the
examination
A patient is fearful of upcoming surgery and a possible cancer diagnosis. He discusses
his love for the Bible with his nurse, who recommends a favorite Bible verse. Another
nurse tells the patient's nurse that there is no place in nursing for spiritual caring. What
is the best response by the patient's nurse?
1. "You're correct; spiritual care should be left to a pastoral care professional."
2. "You're correct; religion is a personal decision."
3. "Nurses should explain their own religious beliefs to patients."
4. "Spiritual, mind, and body connections can affect health." - answer 4. "Spiritual,
mind, and body connections can affect health."
Which of the following are strategies for creating work environments that support nurse
caring interventions? (Select all that apply.)
1. Increasing technological support
2. Improving flexibility for scheduling 3. Providing opportunities to discuss care practices
4. Promoting autonomy of practice
5. Encouraging increased input concerning nursing functions from health care providers
- answer 2. Improving flexibility for scheduling
3. Providing opportunities to discuss care practices
4. Promoting autonomy of practice
A nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with testicular cancer. He asked the
nurse to help him find the meaning of cancer by supporting beliefs about life. This is an
example of:
1. Instilling hope and faith.
2. Forming a human-altruistic value system.
3. Cultural caring.
4. Being with. - answer 1. Instilling hope and faith.
An example of a nurse caring behavior that families of patients who are acutely ill
perceive as important to patients' well-being is:
1. Making health care decisions for patients.
2. Having family members provide a patient's total personal hygiene.
3. Injecting the nurse's perceptions about the level of care provided.
4. Asking permission before performing a procedure on a patient. - answer 4. Asking
permission before performing a procedure on a patient.
correct answers A+ graded 2024 solution
A patient discharged a week ago following a stroke is currently participating in
rehabilitation sessions provided by nurses, physical therapists, and registered dietitians
in an outpatient setting. In what level of prevention is the patient participating?
1. Primary prevention
2. Secondary prevention
3. Tertiary prevention
4. Transtheoretical prevention - answer 3. Tertiary prevention
Based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change, what is the most appropriate response
to a patient who states: "Me, stop smoking? I've been smoking since I was 16!"
1. "That's fine. Some people who smoke live a long life."
2. "OK. I want you to decrease the number of cigarettes you smoke by one each day,
and I'll see you in 1 month."
3. "What do you think is the greatest reason why stopping smoking would be
challenging for you?"
4. "I'd like you to attend a smoking-cessation class - answer 3. "What do you think is
the greatest reason why stopping smoking would be challenging for you?"
A nurse working on a medical patient care unit states, "I am having trouble sleeping,
and I eat nonstop when I get home. All I can think of when I get to work is how I can't
wait for my shift to be over. I wish I felt happy again." What are the best responses from
the nurse manager? (Select all that apply.)
1. "I'm sure this is just a phase you are going through. Hang in there. You'll feel better
soon."
2. "I know several nurses who feel this way every now and then. Tell me about the
patients you have cared for recently. Did you find it difficult to care for them?"
3. "You can take diphenhydramine over the counter to help you sleep at night."
4. "Describe for me what you do with your time when you are not working." 5. "The
hospital just started a group where nurses get together to talk about their feelings.
Would you like for me to e-mail the schedule to you?" - answer 2. "I know several
nurses who feel this way every now and then. Tell me about the patients you have
cared for recently. Did you find it difficult to care for them?"
4. "Describe for me what you do with your time when you are not working."
,5. "The hospital just started a group where nurses get together to talk about their
feelings. Would you like for me to e-mail the schedule to you?"
A patient has been laid off from his construction job and has many unpaid bills. He is
going through a divorce from his marriage of 15 years and has been praying daily to
help him through this difficult time. He does not have a primary health care provider
because he has never really been sick, and his parents never took him to a physician
when he was a child. Which external variables influence the patient's health practices?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Difficulty paying his bills
2. Praying daily
3. Age of patient (46 years)
4. Stress from the divorce and the loss of a job
5. Family practice of not routinely seeing a health care provider - answer 1. Difficulty
paying his bills
5. Family practice of not routinely seeing a health care provider
A nurse is conducting a home visit with a new mom and her three children. While in the
home the nurse weighs each family member and reviews their 3-day food diary. She
checks the mom's blood pressure and encourages the mom to take the children for a
30-minute walk every day. The nurse is addressing which level of need, according to
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
1. Physiological
2. Safety and security
3. Love and belonging
4. Self-actualization - answer 1. Physiological
When taking care of patients, a nurse routinely asks whether they take any vitamins or
herbal medications, encourages family members to bring in music that the patients like
to help the patients relax, and frequently prays with her patients if that is important to
them. The nurse is practicing which model?
1. Holistic
2. Health belief
3. Transtheoretical
4. Health promotion - answer 1. Holistic
Using the Transtheoretical Model of Change, order the steps that a patient goes through
to make a lifestyle change related to physical activity.
1. The individual recognizes that he is out of shape when his daughter asks him to walk
with her after school.
2. Eight months after beginning walking, the individual participates with his wife in a
local 5K race.
3. The individual becomes angry when the physician tells him that he needs to increase
his activity to lose 30 pounds.
4. The individual walks 2 to 3 miles, 5 nights a week, with his wife.
5. The individual visits the local running store to purchase walking shoes and obtain
advice on a walking plan. - answer 3, 1, 5, 4, 2
,Which of the following are symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and burnout that
commonly affect nurses? (Select all that apply.)
1. Regular participation in a book club
2. Lack of interest in exercise
3. Difficulty falling asleep
4. Lack of desire to go to work
5. Anxiety while working - answer 2. Lack of interest in exercise
3. Difficulty falling asleep
4. Lack of desire to go to work
5. Anxiety while working
As part of a faith community nursing program in her church, a nurse is developing a
health promotion program on breast self-examination for the women's group. Which
statement made by one of the participants is related to the individual's accurate
perception of susceptibility to an illness?
1. "I have a hanging tag on my bathroom door to remind me to do my breast self-
examination monthly." 2. "Since my mother had breast cancer, I know that I am at
increased risk for developing breast cancer."
3. "Since I am only 25 years of age, the risk of breast cancer for me is very low."
4. "I participate every year in o - answer 2. "Since my mother had breast cancer, I
know that I am at increased risk for developing breast cancer."
. A nurse encounters the patient's wife, who is tearful and worried. Her husband was
just transferred from his room to the operating room for a complex cardiovascular
surgery. The nurse brings the wife a glass of water and encourages her to talk about
her fears. The nurse remains in the room quietly listening. What caring behaviors is the
nurse demonstrating? (Select all that apply.)
1. Touching
2. Listening
3. Knowing
4. Presence
5. Spiritual care - answer 2. Listening
4. Presence
A nurse needs to use clinical judgment before planning and implementing any touch
interventions. What does the nurse need to understand about the use of touch? (Select
all that apply.)
1. Some cultures may have specific restrictions about non-skillbased touch.
2. Touch is a form of nonverbal communication.
3. Touch reduces only physical pain. 4. Touch can successfully influence a patient's
level of comfort.
5. There is never a problem with using touch at any time. - answer 1. Some cultures
may have specific restrictions about non-skillbased touch.
2. Touch is a form of nonverbal communication.
4. Touch can successfully influence a patient's level of comfort.
, A young woman comes to a clinic for the first time for a gynecological examination. She
asks about the procedure, who will be in the room with her, and does she have to
remove all her clothes. Which nursing behavior applies Swanson's caring process of
"knowing" the patient?
1. Sharing feelings about the importance of having regular gynecological examinations
2. Explaining risk factors for cervical cancer
3. Recognizing that the patient is modest and maintaining her privacy during the
examination
4. Asking the patient what it means to have a vaginal examination - answer 3.
Recognizing that the patient is modest and maintaining her privacy during the
examination
A patient is fearful of upcoming surgery and a possible cancer diagnosis. He discusses
his love for the Bible with his nurse, who recommends a favorite Bible verse. Another
nurse tells the patient's nurse that there is no place in nursing for spiritual caring. What
is the best response by the patient's nurse?
1. "You're correct; spiritual care should be left to a pastoral care professional."
2. "You're correct; religion is a personal decision."
3. "Nurses should explain their own religious beliefs to patients."
4. "Spiritual, mind, and body connections can affect health." - answer 4. "Spiritual,
mind, and body connections can affect health."
Which of the following are strategies for creating work environments that support nurse
caring interventions? (Select all that apply.)
1. Increasing technological support
2. Improving flexibility for scheduling 3. Providing opportunities to discuss care practices
4. Promoting autonomy of practice
5. Encouraging increased input concerning nursing functions from health care providers
- answer 2. Improving flexibility for scheduling
3. Providing opportunities to discuss care practices
4. Promoting autonomy of practice
A nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with testicular cancer. He asked the
nurse to help him find the meaning of cancer by supporting beliefs about life. This is an
example of:
1. Instilling hope and faith.
2. Forming a human-altruistic value system.
3. Cultural caring.
4. Being with. - answer 1. Instilling hope and faith.
An example of a nurse caring behavior that families of patients who are acutely ill
perceive as important to patients' well-being is:
1. Making health care decisions for patients.
2. Having family members provide a patient's total personal hygiene.
3. Injecting the nurse's perceptions about the level of care provided.
4. Asking permission before performing a procedure on a patient. - answer 4. Asking
permission before performing a procedure on a patient.
