Week 8
The road to 2nd constitutional era
Young Turks were: dissedents within exile
Civil servants
Group of military officers esp from Balkans
Ottoman Union society emerged and expanded under Ahmed Raza in Paris
1907 CUP aim to restore constitutional parliamentary system under umbrella of Ottomanism
To prevent CUP opposition, Abdulhamid sent them to exile. Ones sent to Fezzan called victims of honor
Members of CUP serving in 3rd army intensified effort for constitutional reforms leading to a revolt eventually
Macedonian struggle
Btw 1893-1912 struggle Serbian, greeks and Bulgarian in Macedonia region for territorial authority
Tension created by notion of equality emphasized in Ottoman Reform Edict bte greek patriarchate and Bulgarian
exarchate
1893 Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Edict, anarchist group unnamed, aimed to liberate Macedonia region from
ottoman rule and establish independent region
Komitadgis (Bulgarian guerrilla groups) emerged
Conflicts in this region temporarily erased with 2 nd constitution era by CUP ensuring equal rights
Ottoman greek war 1897
30 Days war, ottoman victory
After berlin treaty Greece had Thessaly region but also wanted Epirus and Crete as the main motif of war
Greece state had to pay war reparations, crete under ottoman rule but with greek governor now
Tunisia protected by france
Egypt under protectorship of England
Young Turk revolution
lasted thruout july 1908 until declaration of 2 nd constitutional era
Niyazi Bey organized approx. 400 soldiers and civilians(fedai) (against hamidian regime due to Balkan region unrest)
Escalated as Russian and English came together and wanted to partition Macedonia during Reval negotitations
July 23rd CUP declared constitutional rule(mesuriyet) in Mansur sent decision to yildiz palace and 2 nd constitutional era
declared a day later
After declaration of constitutional rule, 1876 constitution reinstated and abdulhamid won everyone’s favor
CUP lacked organization and approved existing Said Pasha govt sue to their political inexperience
Said pasha fav grand vizer of sultan
Result of crisis in august over sultan’s authority to appoint ministers: cabinet resigned and new cabinet appointed led by
kamil pasha
Young turks removed many officials from civil servce, abolished millet system, compulsory military system for everyone
Abolition of capitulations a plan for near future
Abdulhamid II declared general amnesty for political criminals after fear of losing power to CUP. Sultan wanted right to
appoint for ministry of war and ministry of navy
Meclis-I Umumi: general Assembly
2 tier system: Chamber of senate and chamber of deputies
CUP establish their own party ‘CUP party’. Ottoman freedom party also established
Road to counterrevolution
The road to 2nd constitutional era
Young Turks were: dissedents within exile
Civil servants
Group of military officers esp from Balkans
Ottoman Union society emerged and expanded under Ahmed Raza in Paris
1907 CUP aim to restore constitutional parliamentary system under umbrella of Ottomanism
To prevent CUP opposition, Abdulhamid sent them to exile. Ones sent to Fezzan called victims of honor
Members of CUP serving in 3rd army intensified effort for constitutional reforms leading to a revolt eventually
Macedonian struggle
Btw 1893-1912 struggle Serbian, greeks and Bulgarian in Macedonia region for territorial authority
Tension created by notion of equality emphasized in Ottoman Reform Edict bte greek patriarchate and Bulgarian
exarchate
1893 Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Edict, anarchist group unnamed, aimed to liberate Macedonia region from
ottoman rule and establish independent region
Komitadgis (Bulgarian guerrilla groups) emerged
Conflicts in this region temporarily erased with 2 nd constitution era by CUP ensuring equal rights
Ottoman greek war 1897
30 Days war, ottoman victory
After berlin treaty Greece had Thessaly region but also wanted Epirus and Crete as the main motif of war
Greece state had to pay war reparations, crete under ottoman rule but with greek governor now
Tunisia protected by france
Egypt under protectorship of England
Young Turk revolution
lasted thruout july 1908 until declaration of 2 nd constitutional era
Niyazi Bey organized approx. 400 soldiers and civilians(fedai) (against hamidian regime due to Balkan region unrest)
Escalated as Russian and English came together and wanted to partition Macedonia during Reval negotitations
July 23rd CUP declared constitutional rule(mesuriyet) in Mansur sent decision to yildiz palace and 2 nd constitutional era
declared a day later
After declaration of constitutional rule, 1876 constitution reinstated and abdulhamid won everyone’s favor
CUP lacked organization and approved existing Said Pasha govt sue to their political inexperience
Said pasha fav grand vizer of sultan
Result of crisis in august over sultan’s authority to appoint ministers: cabinet resigned and new cabinet appointed led by
kamil pasha
Young turks removed many officials from civil servce, abolished millet system, compulsory military system for everyone
Abolition of capitulations a plan for near future
Abdulhamid II declared general amnesty for political criminals after fear of losing power to CUP. Sultan wanted right to
appoint for ministry of war and ministry of navy
Meclis-I Umumi: general Assembly
2 tier system: Chamber of senate and chamber of deputies
CUP establish their own party ‘CUP party’. Ottoman freedom party also established
Road to counterrevolution
