Week 4-Tanzimat Period 1839-1876/1908
Sublime port: house of grand vizer
Later became place for bureaucracy affairs
Kavalali Affairs
Ottoman-Egyptian wars (1831-33)
Mehmed ali pasha demanded control of Syria in exchange for assisting ottoman army against greek rebellion
Son Ibrahim pasha advanced into Anatolia, capturing Aleppo, beirut, sidon, tripoli, and Damascus
Nov 1832 ibrahim seized control of konya
Russia came to aid of ottoman empire
Convention of kutahya (may 1833): Syria, adana, Tripoli, crete and Egypt now under control of Mehmed ali pahsa
Treaty of Hunkar Iskelesi: ottoman empire-russia
Mutual defense agreement
Increasing Russian control over black sea region
“question of straits” was surfaced
Ottoman egyption wars
Ottoman empire embarked on campaign to retake lost territories from Mehmed ali pasha
Disputes over sovereignty with Egypt emerged
Battle of nezin (june 1839): ottoman defeat
Mahmud II died and son abdulmecid succeeded him
July 1839, Chief Admiral Ahmed Fevzi Pasha surrendered ottoman navy to Mehmed ali in alexandria in egypt
Convention of London(1840)
Ottoman empire-England/Russia/Prussia/Austria
Mehmed ali pasha retained only Egypt and acre.
Ruled over these regions as governor under ottoman sovereignity and returned rest to empire
Had to reduce army to 18000
Treaty of balta aliman: commercial treaty
Trade agreement btw ottoman empire and England
Stipulations of capitulation treaties expanded
Monopoly system (yed-i-vahid) over products abolished
Ottoman economy integrated to the world market
Export rates increased significantly
Long term economic problems:
Local producers could not compete with the European trade
Ottoman debts
Tanzimat edict (3 nov 1839)
Formulated in both ottoman Turkish and French
Security of life, property and honor (no execution without trial)
Tax regulations: regular and fixed system of assessing and levying taxes
Military regulations: levying of troops and duration of their service
Regulations against corruption
Reform of the penal system: no punishment without law
Equality for all subjects despite religious identity
Heart of the state: Sublime Port
Sublime port: house of grand vizer
Later became place for bureaucracy affairs
Kavalali Affairs
Ottoman-Egyptian wars (1831-33)
Mehmed ali pasha demanded control of Syria in exchange for assisting ottoman army against greek rebellion
Son Ibrahim pasha advanced into Anatolia, capturing Aleppo, beirut, sidon, tripoli, and Damascus
Nov 1832 ibrahim seized control of konya
Russia came to aid of ottoman empire
Convention of kutahya (may 1833): Syria, adana, Tripoli, crete and Egypt now under control of Mehmed ali pahsa
Treaty of Hunkar Iskelesi: ottoman empire-russia
Mutual defense agreement
Increasing Russian control over black sea region
“question of straits” was surfaced
Ottoman egyption wars
Ottoman empire embarked on campaign to retake lost territories from Mehmed ali pasha
Disputes over sovereignty with Egypt emerged
Battle of nezin (june 1839): ottoman defeat
Mahmud II died and son abdulmecid succeeded him
July 1839, Chief Admiral Ahmed Fevzi Pasha surrendered ottoman navy to Mehmed ali in alexandria in egypt
Convention of London(1840)
Ottoman empire-England/Russia/Prussia/Austria
Mehmed ali pasha retained only Egypt and acre.
Ruled over these regions as governor under ottoman sovereignity and returned rest to empire
Had to reduce army to 18000
Treaty of balta aliman: commercial treaty
Trade agreement btw ottoman empire and England
Stipulations of capitulation treaties expanded
Monopoly system (yed-i-vahid) over products abolished
Ottoman economy integrated to the world market
Export rates increased significantly
Long term economic problems:
Local producers could not compete with the European trade
Ottoman debts
Tanzimat edict (3 nov 1839)
Formulated in both ottoman Turkish and French
Security of life, property and honor (no execution without trial)
Tax regulations: regular and fixed system of assessing and levying taxes
Military regulations: levying of troops and duration of their service
Regulations against corruption
Reform of the penal system: no punishment without law
Equality for all subjects despite religious identity
Heart of the state: Sublime Port
