Week 13
Lecture
Indian troops allied with Serbian troops: gas mask drill
Turning point of military technology
Basics of great war:
Btw july 1914 and nov 1918
For ottomans ended: 11 nov 1914
Central theatres of war: western front and primarily land based warfare
Excessive reliance on human capital of imperial frameworks
Longer than predicted and not necessarily the end of age of empires
Ottomans joined the war unconventionally after decision of members of CUP
Beginning of end of age of empires
Central wars in western front Europe not middle east
Already been almost continuous warfare and violence in ottoman empire before great war
Long great war of ottomans:
Tripolitanian war
Balkan wars
Violence and displacement: in thrace first then in western Anatolia
Yavus and middilli operations in black sea, Russia declares war then ottomans do too
Was already a global polarization that was half visible towards summer 1914
Couldn’t asses risk
Ottomans were trying to avoid isolation
Basic version of complex chronology:
Assassination of Austrian heir by Serbian nationalist
German assures Austria, Austria declare ultimatum to Serbia
Russia prepares for mobilization
Serbia rejects conditions for ultimatum
Austria declares formal war on Serbia
Russia actually mobilizes
Germany demands Russia to stop
France mobilizes
Germany mobilizes and declares formal war on Russia and france and invades Belgium
Britain declares formal war on Germany
Ottoman road to war:
Germany military mission arrives to ottoman capital after Balkan disaster
Enver pasha becomes general and minister of war
War provoking ultimatum from Greece to ottoman empire
Mass deportation in empire of 160000 ottoman greek citizens from western Anatolia
Goeben and Breslau arrive at dardenelles, reflagged as yavuz and midilli (were german ships. Ottoman purchased them,
reflagged them, same crew as before, yavuz Gallipoli campaign, remained in Turkish service after way)
Capitulations are unilaterally terminated
The empire at war:
Lecture
Indian troops allied with Serbian troops: gas mask drill
Turning point of military technology
Basics of great war:
Btw july 1914 and nov 1918
For ottomans ended: 11 nov 1914
Central theatres of war: western front and primarily land based warfare
Excessive reliance on human capital of imperial frameworks
Longer than predicted and not necessarily the end of age of empires
Ottomans joined the war unconventionally after decision of members of CUP
Beginning of end of age of empires
Central wars in western front Europe not middle east
Already been almost continuous warfare and violence in ottoman empire before great war
Long great war of ottomans:
Tripolitanian war
Balkan wars
Violence and displacement: in thrace first then in western Anatolia
Yavus and middilli operations in black sea, Russia declares war then ottomans do too
Was already a global polarization that was half visible towards summer 1914
Couldn’t asses risk
Ottomans were trying to avoid isolation
Basic version of complex chronology:
Assassination of Austrian heir by Serbian nationalist
German assures Austria, Austria declare ultimatum to Serbia
Russia prepares for mobilization
Serbia rejects conditions for ultimatum
Austria declares formal war on Serbia
Russia actually mobilizes
Germany demands Russia to stop
France mobilizes
Germany mobilizes and declares formal war on Russia and france and invades Belgium
Britain declares formal war on Germany
Ottoman road to war:
Germany military mission arrives to ottoman capital after Balkan disaster
Enver pasha becomes general and minister of war
War provoking ultimatum from Greece to ottoman empire
Mass deportation in empire of 160000 ottoman greek citizens from western Anatolia
Goeben and Breslau arrive at dardenelles, reflagged as yavuz and midilli (were german ships. Ottoman purchased them,
reflagged them, same crew as before, yavuz Gallipoli campaign, remained in Turkish service after way)
Capitulations are unilaterally terminated
The empire at war:
