NUR2063 Final Exam Study Guide,Qustion well performed 2024.

What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? - AnswersSign - Objective (Erythema, Edema, lesion) Symptom - Subjective (Headache, sore, tired) Na - Sodium - Answers136-144 mEq Hyponatremia - anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, blood pressure changes, pulse changes, edema, headache, lethargy, confusion, diminished deep tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, seizures, and coma | Hypernatremia - increased temperature, warm and flushed skin, dry and sticky mucous membranes, dysphagia, increased thirst, irritability, agitation, weakness, headache, seizures K - Potassium - Answerso 3.7-5.2 mEq | Hypokalemia - muscle weakness, paresthesia, hyporeflexia, leg cramps, weak and irregular pulse, hypotension, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, decreased bowel sounds, abdominal distension, constipation, ileus, and cardiac arrest| Hyperkalemia - paresthesia, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression, abdominal cramping, nausea, and diarrhea Mg - Magnesium - Answers.8-2.5 mEq | Hypermagnesemia - Same as hypercalcemia | Hypomagnesemia - same as hypocalcemia Ca - Calcium - Answers4 - 5 mEq | Hypercalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion, decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, renal calculi, polyuria, and dehydration | Hypocalcemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies, anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs P - Phosphorus - Answers.5 - 4.5 mg | Hyperphosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, increased bleeding tendencies, anxiety, confusion, depression, irritability, fatigue, lethargy, paresthesia, increased deep tendon reflexes, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, laryngeal spasms, increased bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, and positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs Hypophosphatemia - dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, personality changes, confusion, decreased memory, headache, lethargy, stupor, coma, muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, Function of ribosomes - AnswersSynthesizes proteins · Hypervolemia - AnswersFluid volume excess in intravascular space · Hypovolemia - AnswersFluid volume deficit in intravascular space · Homeostasis - AnswersState of balance - reached by positive and negative feedback - self regulated · How does a vaccine provide immunity? - AnswersActive immunity - antigen exposure · Active immunity - AnswersVaccine, or having the virus - Body builds immunity through exposure · Passive immunity - AnswersReceiving antibodies from external source - breastfeeding · identify examples of malignant cells - AnswersRapid growing, metastasis, fatal, undifferentiated · Assessment findings for localized inflammation - AnswersDestroyed tissue, redness, swelling, heat, pain, function loss o Type I: IgE mediated - AnswersHay fever, food allergy, anaphylaxis o Type II IgM/IgG: cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction - AnswersBlood transfusion reaction, erythroblastosis fetalis o Type III: immune complex-mediated - AnswersAutoimmune conditions - Lupus o Type IV: delayed hypersensitivity reaction - AnswersTuberculin skin testing, transplant reactions, contact dermatitis · What findings would you expect in someone with an anaphylactic reaction? - AnswersBronchodilation, airway constriction, Manifestations of a type 1 hypersensitivity - AnswersGI allergy Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain Skin manifestations Urticaria (hives) Mucosa allergens Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma Lung allergens Bronchospasm, edema, thick secretions