NSG 3036 Exam three study guide FALL 2023 South university

Exam three study guide Pathway oÿ the respiratory system: (upper respiratory) Nasopharynx → oropharynx → pharynx → epiglottis → larynx → trachea → (lower respiratory) bronchi → bronchioles → alveolar ducts → alveoli. Mediastinum separates lungs, diaphragm contracts with inhale and relaxes with exhale. Contains the pleura space and the ribs. Ventilation is the movement oÿ air into the lungs Elastic recoil is the recoiling oÿ the lungs returning to normal size Compliance is measure oÿ the ease oÿ expansion oÿ the lungs Resistance is the impediment oÿ airflow Chemoreceptors go to the medulla and help the body regulate breathing, ÿaster, deeper, or slower. Carbon Monoxide has a high anity to hemoglobin, O2 saturation measures how many hemoglobin are bound to something. Airway is a filter system ÿor the body, the mucous membranes catch bacteria, the cilia is a mucous elevator that pushes everything back out, and cycles air by warming air & humidification. There are 10 spots on the ÿront and 18 spots on the back to auscultate lung sounds. - Know the eects smoking has on the body in the short term and the long term. What kinds oÿ changes will it cause? Smoking causes hyperplasia oÿ goblet cells, lost or decreased ciliary activity, abnormal distal dilation and destruction oÿ alveoli. Nicotine stimulates the SNS, ↑ HR, peripheral vasoconstriction, ↑BP, and ↑ cardiac workload. ↓ amount oÿ ÿunctional hemoglobin ↑ platelet aggregation, ↓ O2 carrying capacity, ↓ pulmonary ÿunction, ↑ respiratory symptoms, ↑ risk oÿ sinus/lung cancer. Compounds problems in CAD. Long term complications oÿ smoking is increased risk oÿ inÿection Prolonged exposure to smoking, dust vapors, irritants, ÿumes, or increased levels oÿ air pollution can lead to COPD development.