BSC1006
Advanced Biology
Q & A w/ Rationales
2024
,1. What is the process by which DNA is duplicated during
the S phase of the cell cycle?
a. Transcription
b. Translation
c. Replication
d. Transduction
Answer: c. Replication
Rationale: DNA replication occurs during the S phase of
the cell cycle. During this process, the DNA helix unwinds
and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a
new strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.
2. Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for
producing ATP through aerobic respiration?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Mitochondria
d. Ribosomes
Answer: c. Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of
the cell as they generate energy through aerobic respiration.
This process occurs in the mitochondria's inner membrane,
using nutrients to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
3. What is the primary function of red blood cells in the
, human body?
a. Transporting oxygen to tissues
b. Synthesizing hormones
c. Regulating body temperature
d. Facilitating immune responses
Answer: a. Transporting oxygen to tissues
Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a molecule
that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to various
tissues in the body. This oxygen transport function is
essential for cellular respiration and energy production.
4. Which of the following characteristics is specific to
prokaryotic cells?
a. Presence of a nucleus
b. Multiple linear DNA molecules
c. Membrane-bound organelles
d. Absence of a cell wall
Answer: d. Absence of a cell wall
Rationale: One of the distinguishing features of prokaryotic
cells is the absence of a membrane-bound nucleus. Instead,
their DNA is found in the cytoplasm, forming a single
circular DNA molecule. Prokaryotes also have a cell wall,
which provides structure and protection.
5. Which of the following statements accurately describes
the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Advanced Biology
Q & A w/ Rationales
2024
,1. What is the process by which DNA is duplicated during
the S phase of the cell cycle?
a. Transcription
b. Translation
c. Replication
d. Transduction
Answer: c. Replication
Rationale: DNA replication occurs during the S phase of
the cell cycle. During this process, the DNA helix unwinds
and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a
new strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.
2. Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for
producing ATP through aerobic respiration?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Mitochondria
d. Ribosomes
Answer: c. Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of
the cell as they generate energy through aerobic respiration.
This process occurs in the mitochondria's inner membrane,
using nutrients to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
3. What is the primary function of red blood cells in the
, human body?
a. Transporting oxygen to tissues
b. Synthesizing hormones
c. Regulating body temperature
d. Facilitating immune responses
Answer: a. Transporting oxygen to tissues
Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a molecule
that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to various
tissues in the body. This oxygen transport function is
essential for cellular respiration and energy production.
4. Which of the following characteristics is specific to
prokaryotic cells?
a. Presence of a nucleus
b. Multiple linear DNA molecules
c. Membrane-bound organelles
d. Absence of a cell wall
Answer: d. Absence of a cell wall
Rationale: One of the distinguishing features of prokaryotic
cells is the absence of a membrane-bound nucleus. Instead,
their DNA is found in the cytoplasm, forming a single
circular DNA molecule. Prokaryotes also have a cell wall,
which provides structure and protection.
5. Which of the following statements accurately describes
the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
