NURSING 3271
Nursing Care of Adults
and Older Adults
LATEST EXAM w/ RATIONALES
2024
,1. A nurse is caring for an older adult client with
hypertension. Which nursing intervention is the highest
priority for this client?
a. Assessing vital signs every hour
b. Administering anti-hypertensive medications as
scheduled
c. Educating the client on lifestyle modifications to
reduce hypertension
d. Encouraging the client to participate in aerobic
exercise regularly
Answer: b. Administering anti-hypertensive
medications as scheduled
Rationale: Hypertension is a chronic condition that
requires medication management. Administering anti-
hypertensive medications as scheduled is the highest
priority to help control blood pressure levels and reduce
the risk of complications.
2. An adult client is diagnosed with heart failure.
Which nursing assessment finding is most concerning?
a. Mild dyspnea on exertion
b. Decreased urine output
c. Slight weight gain
d. Mild peripheral edema
, Answer: b. Decreased urine output
Rationale: Decreased urine output is concerning as it
may indicate progressive kidney dysfunction due to
decreased cardiac output in heart failure. It can also be
a sign of worsening fluid overload and requires
immediate attention to prevent further complications.
3. A nurse is caring for an adult client with pneumonia.
Which intervention is essential to prevent hospital-
acquired infections during the client's hospital stay?
a. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
b. Encouraging the use of hand sanitizers
c. Maintaining strict isolation precautions
d. Promoting adequate nutrition and hydration
Answer: b. Encouraging the use of hand sanitizers
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the most crucial measure to
prevent the transmission of hospital-acquired
infections. Regular use of hand sanitizers by staff,
patients, and visitors reduces the risk of spreading
pathogens, particularly in respiratory infections like
pneumonia.
4. An older adult client is scheduled for a total knee
Nursing Care of Adults
and Older Adults
LATEST EXAM w/ RATIONALES
2024
,1. A nurse is caring for an older adult client with
hypertension. Which nursing intervention is the highest
priority for this client?
a. Assessing vital signs every hour
b. Administering anti-hypertensive medications as
scheduled
c. Educating the client on lifestyle modifications to
reduce hypertension
d. Encouraging the client to participate in aerobic
exercise regularly
Answer: b. Administering anti-hypertensive
medications as scheduled
Rationale: Hypertension is a chronic condition that
requires medication management. Administering anti-
hypertensive medications as scheduled is the highest
priority to help control blood pressure levels and reduce
the risk of complications.
2. An adult client is diagnosed with heart failure.
Which nursing assessment finding is most concerning?
a. Mild dyspnea on exertion
b. Decreased urine output
c. Slight weight gain
d. Mild peripheral edema
, Answer: b. Decreased urine output
Rationale: Decreased urine output is concerning as it
may indicate progressive kidney dysfunction due to
decreased cardiac output in heart failure. It can also be
a sign of worsening fluid overload and requires
immediate attention to prevent further complications.
3. A nurse is caring for an adult client with pneumonia.
Which intervention is essential to prevent hospital-
acquired infections during the client's hospital stay?
a. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
b. Encouraging the use of hand sanitizers
c. Maintaining strict isolation precautions
d. Promoting adequate nutrition and hydration
Answer: b. Encouraging the use of hand sanitizers
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the most crucial measure to
prevent the transmission of hospital-acquired
infections. Regular use of hand sanitizers by staff,
patients, and visitors reduces the risk of spreading
pathogens, particularly in respiratory infections like
pneumonia.
4. An older adult client is scheduled for a total knee
