2024 LATEST ESS2001 Physiology EXSC 293: Chapter 7 Practice QuESTION AND CORRECT ANSWERS

The respiratory zone in the lungs includes ____. - ANSWER respiratory bronchioles The internal intercostals are engaged during ____. - ANSWER forced respiration When we inhale, which of the following occurs as a result of the respiratory pump? - ANSWER thoracic vena cavae fill The anchoring membrane that attaches to the lungs themselves is the ____. - ANSWER visceral pleura If you sit and breathe quietly into a spirometer, which lung volume is being recorded? - ANSWER tidal volume The volume of air that remains in the lungs after expiration and cannot be exhaled is the ___. - ANSWER residual volume If you breathe in as deeply as you can and then forcefully exhale as much as possible, a spirometer would be recording which lung volume? - ANSWER vital capacity The maximal volume of air that can be accommodated by the lungs is the ____. - ANSWER total lung volume The pressure gradient that is found in the pulmonary circulation (i.e. from pulmonary arteries to pulmonary veins/left atrium) is approximately ____. - ANSWER 10 mmHg Which of these factors is most critical in determining the rate of pulmonary diffusion? - ANSWER gas partial pressure Alveoli are structurally and functionally most similar to which part of the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER capillaries According to Dalton's law, ____. - ANSWER the partial pressure of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide add up to atmospheric pressure PCO2 in the alveoli is approximately ____. - ANSWER 40 mmHg During exercise, the oxygen diffusion capacity increases dramatically because ___. - ANSWER lower venous O2 content increases the PO2 gradient The maximum total O2-carrying capacity for a person with a blood volume of 5 L would be ____. - ANSWER ~1 L O2 If PO2 is high, a large change in PO2 would lead to ____ in hemoglobin saturation. - ANSWER small change When the oxyhemoglobin curve shifts during exercise, what is the result? - ANSWER O2 unloading becomes more difficult at the muscles Which condition during exercise induces the Bohr effect? - ANSWER lower pH Which of the following methods of CO2 transport in blood contributes to acid-base balance? - ANSWER carbonic acid/bicarbonate In hemoglobin, CO2 binds to ___. - ANSWER the globular protein At the onset of strenuous exercise, what changes would you expect to see in venous O2 content and difference, respectively? - ANSWER decrease, increase When PO2 is ~20 mmHg, what is myoglobin doing? - ANSWER loading O2 Compared to the slope of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the slope of the O2 myoglobin dissociation curve is ____. - ANSWER steeper but the same direction The PO2 in muscle mitochondria is roughly ___. - ANSWER 2 mmHg When venous blood from exercising and nonexercising tissues is included in the calculation, it is called ____. - ANSWER arterial-mixed venous O2 difference Respiratory muscles are directly controlled by motor neurons coming from ____. - ANSWER respiratory centers During normal quiet breathing, the neurons in the expiratory respiratory center are ____. - ANSWER not active If chemoreceptors stimulate an increase in breathing rate and depth, this occurs because ____. - ANSWER excess CO2 needs to be "blown off" (removed) When pulmonary stretch receptors send a signal that triggers a shortened duration of inspiration, this is known as the ____. - ANSWER Hering-Breuer reflex