DENTAL HYGIENISTS GUIDE TO NUTRITIONAL CARE 4TH EDITION BY CYNTHIA A. STEGEMAN

Chapter 06: Lipids: The Condensed Energy Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Three fatty acids attached to a glycerol is a triglyceride. Each of the fatty acids attached to a particular triglyceride is the same. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true. ANS: C Each of the fatty acids attached to a triglyceride can be different. They can be long, medium, or short, and saturated or unsaturated. Medium-chain and short-chain fatty acids are readily digested and absorbed, but most fats in foods contain more difficult to digest long-chain fatty acids. REF: p. 103 2. Lipids provide more energy per gram than carbohydrate, because lipids contain more oxygen in proportion to hydrogen and carbon. a. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. b. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. d. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. e. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. ANS: C Structurally, lipids contain less oxygen in proportion to hydrogen and carbon. Note that lipids provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates or protein do. REF: p. 102 3. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) contain only single bonds. Palmitic and stearic acids, both SFAs, are structural components of the periodontium. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true. ANS: C Palmitic and stearic acids, both SFAs, are structural components of tooth enamel and dentin. Note that saturated fatty acids are classified according to their degree of saturation, which depends on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon. SFAs also contain only single bonds, with each carbon having two attached hydrogen atoms. REF: p. 103 4. Oleic acid is classified as a trans fatty acid because it is hydrogenated. a. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. b. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. d. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. e. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct. ANS: D Although it is true that trans fatty acids are hydrogenated, oleic acid is neither hydrogenated nor is it a trans fatty acid. Oleic acid is classified as a monounsaturated fatty acid because it contains only one double bond. REF: p. 103 | p. 104 5. Excess dietary carbohydrates and protein are converted to fat. These substances are first converted into triglycerides and then stored in adipose tissue. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true.