Chapter 21 - microbial diseases of the
Genitourinary System complete
Genitourinary system has two distinct organ systems urinary and genital/reproductive tract
removes substances from the blood, regulating certain body processes, forming urine and
transporting it out of the body
includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra urinary tract
Produces, maintains, and transports sperm cells and produces sex hormones
consists of testes, epididymis, vas deferent, prostate gland, scrotum and penis male
genital/reproductive tract
produces and maintains egg cells, produces sex hormones, supports fetus
consists of uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina, cervix female genital/repro tract
most common site of infection in females cervix
Urinary system defenses - 2 flushing of the entire system with urine and shedding epithelial
cells that line the tract
urine is acidic and contains two antimicrobial proteins (lysozyme - breaks down peptidoglycan
and lactoferrin) and secretory IgA
urethra is the end of both urinary and reproductive system so urine also flushes the system
male reproductive defenses
defenses can vary over a lifetime female reproductive defenses
during childhood and after menopause this is the main defense with secretory IgA protective
mucus of the vagina
, During reproductive years major defense is (females)... pH changes that make the vagina
acidic
the lower urethra of the genitourinary system... has well established microbiota
males and females have the ____ microbes in the genitourinary tract exact same
urethra is very short in females and close to anus which can be infected with bacteria from the GI
tract to the bladder
UTIs
upper urinary tract... fewer types and lower abundance of microbes
Circumcising has a large effect on...- 2 "normal" biota of the penis
uncircumcised results in larger populations of more diverse microbes
UTI microbe type bacteria
most commonly E.coli
Staphylococcus saprophytic
enerbacteriaceae- Klebisiella pneumonia or Proteus mirablis UTIs
UTI reservoir humans
opportunistic microbes from the GI tract community acquired UTI
infected via catheter healthcare associated UTI
occurs when the urine flow is reduced or bacteria are accidentally introduced into the bladder
UTIs
if infection alters the bladder cystitis
if infection alters kidneys pyelonephritis
if infection is limited to the urethra urethritis
pain, frequent urges to urinate even if bladder is empty, burning pain with urination (dysuria),
cloudy urine (bacteria and WBCs in urine), possible orange/red tint to urine if RBCs are present,
low grade fever, nausea
if back pain and high grade fever it is likely that the kidneys are involved
can result in permanent damage to the kidneys UTIs
Genitourinary System complete
Genitourinary system has two distinct organ systems urinary and genital/reproductive tract
removes substances from the blood, regulating certain body processes, forming urine and
transporting it out of the body
includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra urinary tract
Produces, maintains, and transports sperm cells and produces sex hormones
consists of testes, epididymis, vas deferent, prostate gland, scrotum and penis male
genital/reproductive tract
produces and maintains egg cells, produces sex hormones, supports fetus
consists of uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina, cervix female genital/repro tract
most common site of infection in females cervix
Urinary system defenses - 2 flushing of the entire system with urine and shedding epithelial
cells that line the tract
urine is acidic and contains two antimicrobial proteins (lysozyme - breaks down peptidoglycan
and lactoferrin) and secretory IgA
urethra is the end of both urinary and reproductive system so urine also flushes the system
male reproductive defenses
defenses can vary over a lifetime female reproductive defenses
during childhood and after menopause this is the main defense with secretory IgA protective
mucus of the vagina
, During reproductive years major defense is (females)... pH changes that make the vagina
acidic
the lower urethra of the genitourinary system... has well established microbiota
males and females have the ____ microbes in the genitourinary tract exact same
urethra is very short in females and close to anus which can be infected with bacteria from the GI
tract to the bladder
UTIs
upper urinary tract... fewer types and lower abundance of microbes
Circumcising has a large effect on...- 2 "normal" biota of the penis
uncircumcised results in larger populations of more diverse microbes
UTI microbe type bacteria
most commonly E.coli
Staphylococcus saprophytic
enerbacteriaceae- Klebisiella pneumonia or Proteus mirablis UTIs
UTI reservoir humans
opportunistic microbes from the GI tract community acquired UTI
infected via catheter healthcare associated UTI
occurs when the urine flow is reduced or bacteria are accidentally introduced into the bladder
UTIs
if infection alters the bladder cystitis
if infection alters kidneys pyelonephritis
if infection is limited to the urethra urethritis
pain, frequent urges to urinate even if bladder is empty, burning pain with urination (dysuria),
cloudy urine (bacteria and WBCs in urine), possible orange/red tint to urine if RBCs are present,
low grade fever, nausea
if back pain and high grade fever it is likely that the kidneys are involved
can result in permanent damage to the kidneys UTIs
