Grammar 1: Preguntas útiles para la clase
• ?Cómo se escribe “Espana”? = How do you write Spain?
• ?Holanda se escribe con “hache”? = Holanda is spelt with an “h”?
• ?Cómo se dice ‘student’ en espanol? = How do you say ‘student’ in Spanish?
• ?Qué significa ‘libro’? = What does libro mean?
• ?Cómo se pronuncial ‘chica’? = How do you pronounce ‘chica’?
• ?Puede(s) repetir? = Can you repeat?
• ?Puede(s) hablar más despacio? = Can you talk slower?
Grammar 2: The alphabet
Grammar 4: Acentuación (Wordstress patterns)
• Stress falls predictably on:
- The last syllable, if the word ends in any consonant that is NOT n / s.
- The penultimate syllable, if the word ends in a vowel or n or s.
• If the stress in a word does not conform to either of these two patterns, it must be indicated
by a written acute accent of the stressed vowel.
• Note:
- Tú = you tu = your
- Él = he el = the
- Té = tea te = you/yourself
Grammar 6: Saludos y despedidas
• Saludos:
- Hola
- Buenas dias (until lunch 14.00/15.00)
- Buenas tardes (after lunch)
- Buenas nohes (after dinner 21.00)
Fenomenal/estupendo/fantástoco
Muy bien
Bien
Regular /asi,
Mal
muy mal
Fatal
, Grammar 9: Pronombres Personales
Grammar 10 Presente de indicative regulares
-AR -ER -IR
- o - o - o
- as - es - es
- a - e - e
- amos - emos - imos
- áis - éis - ís
- an - en - en
Grammar 14 Los artículos
Grammar 16: Géner y número de los nombres (Gender and number of the nouns)
, Grammar 18: Adjetivos
1. Adjectives ending -o become feminine by changing -o to -a;
2. Adjectives ending -or become feminine by addind -a;
3. All other adjectives have the same form for masculine and feminine;
- Adjectives ending in -e;
- Adjectives ending in -ista;
- Adjectives ending in a consonant;
- Adjectives ending in a stressed vowel.
4. The plural forms of the masculine adjectives are derived from the masculine singular, while
feminine plurals are derived from the feminine singular. To form the plurals of the adjectives
you use the rules as applied to the forming of the plurals of nouns (so look out for changes in
spelling and the possible appearance or disappearance of written accents;
5. All adjectives narrow the scope of the noun they qualify: they have a specifying or
distinguishing the function.
6. In Spanish, adjectives normally follow the noun!
7. The neutral order of the adjective – that is, when it follows the noun – might be changed in
Spanish. The adjective precedes, if the adjective expresses an added value or meaning: for
example, that the meaning of the adjective must be seen as a quality typically associated
with the noun (1) or, that the adjective is used in a figurative sense (2).
Bueno (and malo) lose their final -o when they precede a masculine singular noun.
Grande loses its final -de when it precedes a masculine or a feminine singular noun.
, Adjectives f colours have quite some irregular forms, as can be seen in the following table.
• ?Cómo se escribe “Espana”? = How do you write Spain?
• ?Holanda se escribe con “hache”? = Holanda is spelt with an “h”?
• ?Cómo se dice ‘student’ en espanol? = How do you say ‘student’ in Spanish?
• ?Qué significa ‘libro’? = What does libro mean?
• ?Cómo se pronuncial ‘chica’? = How do you pronounce ‘chica’?
• ?Puede(s) repetir? = Can you repeat?
• ?Puede(s) hablar más despacio? = Can you talk slower?
Grammar 2: The alphabet
Grammar 4: Acentuación (Wordstress patterns)
• Stress falls predictably on:
- The last syllable, if the word ends in any consonant that is NOT n / s.
- The penultimate syllable, if the word ends in a vowel or n or s.
• If the stress in a word does not conform to either of these two patterns, it must be indicated
by a written acute accent of the stressed vowel.
• Note:
- Tú = you tu = your
- Él = he el = the
- Té = tea te = you/yourself
Grammar 6: Saludos y despedidas
• Saludos:
- Hola
- Buenas dias (until lunch 14.00/15.00)
- Buenas tardes (after lunch)
- Buenas nohes (after dinner 21.00)
Fenomenal/estupendo/fantástoco
Muy bien
Bien
Regular /asi,
Mal
muy mal
Fatal
, Grammar 9: Pronombres Personales
Grammar 10 Presente de indicative regulares
-AR -ER -IR
- o - o - o
- as - es - es
- a - e - e
- amos - emos - imos
- áis - éis - ís
- an - en - en
Grammar 14 Los artículos
Grammar 16: Géner y número de los nombres (Gender and number of the nouns)
, Grammar 18: Adjetivos
1. Adjectives ending -o become feminine by changing -o to -a;
2. Adjectives ending -or become feminine by addind -a;
3. All other adjectives have the same form for masculine and feminine;
- Adjectives ending in -e;
- Adjectives ending in -ista;
- Adjectives ending in a consonant;
- Adjectives ending in a stressed vowel.
4. The plural forms of the masculine adjectives are derived from the masculine singular, while
feminine plurals are derived from the feminine singular. To form the plurals of the adjectives
you use the rules as applied to the forming of the plurals of nouns (so look out for changes in
spelling and the possible appearance or disappearance of written accents;
5. All adjectives narrow the scope of the noun they qualify: they have a specifying or
distinguishing the function.
6. In Spanish, adjectives normally follow the noun!
7. The neutral order of the adjective – that is, when it follows the noun – might be changed in
Spanish. The adjective precedes, if the adjective expresses an added value or meaning: for
example, that the meaning of the adjective must be seen as a quality typically associated
with the noun (1) or, that the adjective is used in a figurative sense (2).
Bueno (and malo) lose their final -o when they precede a masculine singular noun.
Grande loses its final -de when it precedes a masculine or a feminine singular noun.
, Adjectives f colours have quite some irregular forms, as can be seen in the following table.
