Hesi A2 Biology exam questions and answers 2022 graded A
1. Hierarchic Organizational system for nomenclature: Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (Least)
"Keep Penguins Cool Or Find Good Shelter"
2. Scientific Method: Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
3. Water: All life, and therefore biology , occurs in water.
4. Properties of Water: 2 Hydrogen bonds Covalently bonded to Oxygen.
Hydrogen Bonding between molecules.
- High specific heat
- Large bodies or water stabilize climates
- Strong cohesive and adhesive properties
- Water freezes forms a lattice crystal resulting in ice floating in water.
- Polarity of water allows it to act as a universal solvent.
- Water can be used to dissolve different solvents.
5. Carbohydrates: Long chains, or polymers of sugar. Most importantly form the
backbone of DNA and RNA.
6. Saturated: Clogs arteries. NO DOUBLE BONDS in their hydrocarbon tail. SOL-
ID @ room temperature.
7. Unsaturated: Double bond in their hydrocarbon tail. LIQUID at room tempera-
ture.
8. Phospholipids: Phosphate group (polar) soluble in water. Hydro carbon tail of
fatty acids is nonpolar and nonsoluble in water.
Ex. Cell Membrane
9. Steroids: Are lipids, which are precursors to hormones and drugs
10. Proteins: They are Polymers of 20 molecules called Amino Acids. Enzymes
are a type of protein, which catalyze different reactions or processes. LARGEST
Biological Molecule
, Hesi A2 Biology exam questions and answers 2022 graded A
11. Cell: Fundamental unit of biology
12. Prokaryotic Cells: NO defined nucleus and NO membrane- bou nd organelles.
13. Eukaryotic Cells: Membrane-enclosed nucleus and series of mem-
brane-bound organelles that carry out the functions of the cell as directed by the
genetic information contained in the nucleus.
14. Nucleus: Contains DNA called Chromosomes.
15. Ribosomes: Are organelles that read the RNA produced in the nucleus and
TRANSLATE the genetic instructions to produce PROTEINS.
16. Bound ribosomes: Are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
17. Free ribosomes: Are found in the cytoplasm
18. Endoplasmic reticulum: Attached to the nucleur membrane a nd consists of
two continuous parts.
19. Rough ER: Covered in RIBOSOMES and is responsible for PROTEIN SYN-
THESIS and membrane production.
20. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes. It functions in the DETOXification and METABO-
LISM of multiple molecules.
21. Golgi Apparatus: Packaging, processing and shipping. "UPS"
22. Lysosomes: Intracellular DIGESTION. hydrolyze proteins, fats, sugars, and
nucleic acids.
1. Hierarchic Organizational system for nomenclature: Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (Least)
"Keep Penguins Cool Or Find Good Shelter"
2. Scientific Method: Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
3. Water: All life, and therefore biology , occurs in water.
4. Properties of Water: 2 Hydrogen bonds Covalently bonded to Oxygen.
Hydrogen Bonding between molecules.
- High specific heat
- Large bodies or water stabilize climates
- Strong cohesive and adhesive properties
- Water freezes forms a lattice crystal resulting in ice floating in water.
- Polarity of water allows it to act as a universal solvent.
- Water can be used to dissolve different solvents.
5. Carbohydrates: Long chains, or polymers of sugar. Most importantly form the
backbone of DNA and RNA.
6. Saturated: Clogs arteries. NO DOUBLE BONDS in their hydrocarbon tail. SOL-
ID @ room temperature.
7. Unsaturated: Double bond in their hydrocarbon tail. LIQUID at room tempera-
ture.
8. Phospholipids: Phosphate group (polar) soluble in water. Hydro carbon tail of
fatty acids is nonpolar and nonsoluble in water.
Ex. Cell Membrane
9. Steroids: Are lipids, which are precursors to hormones and drugs
10. Proteins: They are Polymers of 20 molecules called Amino Acids. Enzymes
are a type of protein, which catalyze different reactions or processes. LARGEST
Biological Molecule
, Hesi A2 Biology exam questions and answers 2022 graded A
11. Cell: Fundamental unit of biology
12. Prokaryotic Cells: NO defined nucleus and NO membrane- bou nd organelles.
13. Eukaryotic Cells: Membrane-enclosed nucleus and series of mem-
brane-bound organelles that carry out the functions of the cell as directed by the
genetic information contained in the nucleus.
14. Nucleus: Contains DNA called Chromosomes.
15. Ribosomes: Are organelles that read the RNA produced in the nucleus and
TRANSLATE the genetic instructions to produce PROTEINS.
16. Bound ribosomes: Are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
17. Free ribosomes: Are found in the cytoplasm
18. Endoplasmic reticulum: Attached to the nucleur membrane a nd consists of
two continuous parts.
19. Rough ER: Covered in RIBOSOMES and is responsible for PROTEIN SYN-
THESIS and membrane production.
20. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes. It functions in the DETOXification and METABO-
LISM of multiple molecules.
21. Golgi Apparatus: Packaging, processing and shipping. "UPS"
22. Lysosomes: Intracellular DIGESTION. hydrolyze proteins, fats, sugars, and
nucleic acids.
