HW 2110
Health Athlete
COMPLETED EXAM
2024
,1. A 25-year-old male athlete presents to the clinic with a complaint of
recurrent ankle sprains. He reports that he sprains his ankle at least once a
month during soccer practice or games. He says that he usually rests for a
few days and then resumes his activities without any intervention. What is
the most likely cause of his recurrent ankle sprains?
a) Inadequate warm-up before exercise
b) Poor footwear
c) Ligamentous laxity*
d) Muscle weakness
Rationale: Ligamentous laxity is a condition where the ligaments that
support the joint are loose and allow excessive movement. This can increase
the risk of joint injury, especially in high-impact sports like soccer.
Inadequate warm-up, poor footwear, and muscle weakness can also
contribute to ankle sprains, but they are not the primary cause.
2. A 32-year-old female athlete is diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia
after a routine blood test. She reports feeling tired, weak, and short of breath
during her training sessions. She says that she follows a vegetarian diet and
does not take any supplements. What is the best dietary advice for her to
improve her iron status?
a) Increase her intake of green leafy vegetables, beans, and nuts
b) Consume foods rich in vitamin C along with iron sources to enhance
absorption
c) Include animal sources of iron such as eggs, dairy, and fish in her diet*
d) Take an iron supplement as prescribed by her doctor
Rationale: Animal sources of iron are more bioavailable than plant sources
and can help increase the iron stores in the body. Vitamin C can enhance the
absorption of non-heme iron from plant sources, but it is not sufficient to
correct iron-deficiency anemia. Green leafy vegetables, beans, and nuts are
good sources of iron, but they also contain phytates and oxalates that can
inhibit iron absorption. Iron supplements can be effective, but they can also
cause side effects such as constipation, nausea, and stomach upset.
3. A 28-year-old male athlete suffers a concussion after a collision with
another player during a rugby match. He is taken to the emergency
department where he undergoes a neurological assessment and a CT scan.
The scan shows no evidence of bleeding or swelling in the brain. He is
discharged with instructions to rest and avoid any physical or mental
exertion for at least 24 hours. What are some of the signs and symptoms
that he should monitor for and report to his doctor if they occur?
a) Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting*
b) Fever, chills, rash, sore throat
c) Chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating
d) Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, gas
Rationale: Headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting are common signs
and symptoms of concussion that may indicate increased intracranial
pressure or brain injury. They should be reported to the doctor immediately
if they worsen or persist. Fever, chills, rash, and sore throat are signs of
infection that are not related to concussion. Chest pain, palpitations,
, shortness of breath, and sweating are signs of cardiac problems that are also
not related to concussion. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and gas are
signs of gastrointestinal issues that are also not related to concussion.
4. A 22-year-old female athlete has been training for a marathon for the past
six months. She has been following a high-carbohydrate diet to fuel her
endurance performance. She reports that she has been experiencing frequent
episodes of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, and flatulence after eating
certain foods such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats. She wonders if she has
celiac disease or gluten intolerance. What is the best way to confirm or rule
out these conditions?
a) Eliminate gluten from her diet for two weeks and see if her symptoms
improve
b) Perform a blood test for antibodies against gluten or tissue
transglutaminase*
c) Perform a stool test for malabsorption or inflammation
d) Perform a biopsy of the small intestine to check for villous atrophy
Rationale: A blood test for antibodies against gluten or tissue
transglutaminase is the first step in diagnosing celiac disease or gluten
intolerance. These antibodies indicate an immune response to gluten that
damages the lining of the small intestine. Eliminating gluten from the diet
may relieve the symptoms, but it can also interfere with the accuracy of the
blood test. A stool test can detect malabsorption or inflammation in the gut,
but it cannot differentiate between celiac disease or gluten intolerance or
other causes of these problems. A biopsy of the small intestine is the gold
standard for diagnosing celiac disease, but it is invasive and requires a
referral to a gastroenterologist.
5. A 26-year-old male athlete has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus after experiencing symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
and weight loss. He is prescribed insulin injections and a carbohydrate
counting diet to manage his blood glucose levels. He is concerned about
how his condition will affect his athletic performance and his health. What
are some of the key points that he should know and follow?
a) He should monitor his blood glucose levels before, during, and after
exercise and adjust his insulin dose and carbohydrate intake accordingly*
b) He should avoid exercise when his blood glucose levels are too high or
too low to prevent complications such as ketoacidosis or hypoglycemia
c) He should wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace that identifies him as
a diabetic in case of an emergency
d) All of the above
Rationale: All of the above are important points that he should know and
follow. Exercise can have variable effects on blood glucose levels
depending on the type, intensity, duration, and timing of the activity. He
should monitor his blood glucose levels frequently and learn how to adjust
his insulin dose and carbohydrate intake to prevent hyperglycemia or
hypoglycemia. He should also avoid exercise when his blood glucose levels
are too high or too low to prevent complications such as ketoacidosis or
hypoglycemia. Ketoacidosis is a condition where the body produces excess
ketones due to insufficient insulin and can lead to coma or death.
Hypoglycemia is a condition where the blood glucose levels drop below
normal and can cause confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. He
should wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace that identifies him as a
Health Athlete
COMPLETED EXAM
2024
,1. A 25-year-old male athlete presents to the clinic with a complaint of
recurrent ankle sprains. He reports that he sprains his ankle at least once a
month during soccer practice or games. He says that he usually rests for a
few days and then resumes his activities without any intervention. What is
the most likely cause of his recurrent ankle sprains?
a) Inadequate warm-up before exercise
b) Poor footwear
c) Ligamentous laxity*
d) Muscle weakness
Rationale: Ligamentous laxity is a condition where the ligaments that
support the joint are loose and allow excessive movement. This can increase
the risk of joint injury, especially in high-impact sports like soccer.
Inadequate warm-up, poor footwear, and muscle weakness can also
contribute to ankle sprains, but they are not the primary cause.
2. A 32-year-old female athlete is diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia
after a routine blood test. She reports feeling tired, weak, and short of breath
during her training sessions. She says that she follows a vegetarian diet and
does not take any supplements. What is the best dietary advice for her to
improve her iron status?
a) Increase her intake of green leafy vegetables, beans, and nuts
b) Consume foods rich in vitamin C along with iron sources to enhance
absorption
c) Include animal sources of iron such as eggs, dairy, and fish in her diet*
d) Take an iron supplement as prescribed by her doctor
Rationale: Animal sources of iron are more bioavailable than plant sources
and can help increase the iron stores in the body. Vitamin C can enhance the
absorption of non-heme iron from plant sources, but it is not sufficient to
correct iron-deficiency anemia. Green leafy vegetables, beans, and nuts are
good sources of iron, but they also contain phytates and oxalates that can
inhibit iron absorption. Iron supplements can be effective, but they can also
cause side effects such as constipation, nausea, and stomach upset.
3. A 28-year-old male athlete suffers a concussion after a collision with
another player during a rugby match. He is taken to the emergency
department where he undergoes a neurological assessment and a CT scan.
The scan shows no evidence of bleeding or swelling in the brain. He is
discharged with instructions to rest and avoid any physical or mental
exertion for at least 24 hours. What are some of the signs and symptoms
that he should monitor for and report to his doctor if they occur?
a) Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting*
b) Fever, chills, rash, sore throat
c) Chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating
d) Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, gas
Rationale: Headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting are common signs
and symptoms of concussion that may indicate increased intracranial
pressure or brain injury. They should be reported to the doctor immediately
if they worsen or persist. Fever, chills, rash, and sore throat are signs of
infection that are not related to concussion. Chest pain, palpitations,
, shortness of breath, and sweating are signs of cardiac problems that are also
not related to concussion. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and gas are
signs of gastrointestinal issues that are also not related to concussion.
4. A 22-year-old female athlete has been training for a marathon for the past
six months. She has been following a high-carbohydrate diet to fuel her
endurance performance. She reports that she has been experiencing frequent
episodes of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, and flatulence after eating
certain foods such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats. She wonders if she has
celiac disease or gluten intolerance. What is the best way to confirm or rule
out these conditions?
a) Eliminate gluten from her diet for two weeks and see if her symptoms
improve
b) Perform a blood test for antibodies against gluten or tissue
transglutaminase*
c) Perform a stool test for malabsorption or inflammation
d) Perform a biopsy of the small intestine to check for villous atrophy
Rationale: A blood test for antibodies against gluten or tissue
transglutaminase is the first step in diagnosing celiac disease or gluten
intolerance. These antibodies indicate an immune response to gluten that
damages the lining of the small intestine. Eliminating gluten from the diet
may relieve the symptoms, but it can also interfere with the accuracy of the
blood test. A stool test can detect malabsorption or inflammation in the gut,
but it cannot differentiate between celiac disease or gluten intolerance or
other causes of these problems. A biopsy of the small intestine is the gold
standard for diagnosing celiac disease, but it is invasive and requires a
referral to a gastroenterologist.
5. A 26-year-old male athlete has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus after experiencing symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
and weight loss. He is prescribed insulin injections and a carbohydrate
counting diet to manage his blood glucose levels. He is concerned about
how his condition will affect his athletic performance and his health. What
are some of the key points that he should know and follow?
a) He should monitor his blood glucose levels before, during, and after
exercise and adjust his insulin dose and carbohydrate intake accordingly*
b) He should avoid exercise when his blood glucose levels are too high or
too low to prevent complications such as ketoacidosis or hypoglycemia
c) He should wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace that identifies him as
a diabetic in case of an emergency
d) All of the above
Rationale: All of the above are important points that he should know and
follow. Exercise can have variable effects on blood glucose levels
depending on the type, intensity, duration, and timing of the activity. He
should monitor his blood glucose levels frequently and learn how to adjust
his insulin dose and carbohydrate intake to prevent hyperglycemia or
hypoglycemia. He should also avoid exercise when his blood glucose levels
are too high or too low to prevent complications such as ketoacidosis or
hypoglycemia. Ketoacidosis is a condition where the body produces excess
ketones due to insufficient insulin and can lead to coma or death.
Hypoglycemia is a condition where the blood glucose levels drop below
normal and can cause confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. He
should wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace that identifies him as a
