POPULATION
Number of people who live in a certain area
Younger population = better
Because, more people will be able to work, as compared to older people who may
have limitations in working.
More birth compared to death = higher population, and vice versa.
Factors affecting population:
- Natural
Birth rate and death rate
- Non-natural
Migration / net migration
Net migration: comparing immigration and emigration; difference between
immigration by emigration
Net inward migration will increase the working population of the economy,
but may pressure government financing as demand for housing, education
and welfare increase.
Net outward migration may increase the income per capita - if the emigrant
send money to families back home - and thus the HDI, but can result in the
loss of skilled workers
Reasons for different birth rates:
- Living standards
If healthcare is good there will be higher living standards as people within the
country will be healthier
- Contraception
Temporary: pills
Permanent: Surgery
- Customs and religion
Based on a family’s beliefs
- Changes in female employment
More females working, less chance of kids
, - Marriage
More people get married, more chance of kids
Reasons for different death rates:
- Living standards
- Medical advances and health care
- Natural disasters and wars
Reasons for different net migration:
- Living standards
People want to leave a country with low living standards, and move to a
country with higher living standards
- Employment/wages
More job opportunities in other countries
- Climate
Will move to places with good climate (for farmers maybe)
Population structure
● Age distribution
The number of people in each age-group
● Gender distribution
The balance of males and females
● Geographic distribution
Where people live
● Occupational distribution
What jobs people work in
Consequences of an ageing population;
● Workforce will decline, more dependent on the tax-paying population to fund
the welfare of old people. (younger people working)
● Not able to be involved in the labour force if they're old, and will affect the
productivity
● Increased demand for products for old people, including healthcare
Number of people who live in a certain area
Younger population = better
Because, more people will be able to work, as compared to older people who may
have limitations in working.
More birth compared to death = higher population, and vice versa.
Factors affecting population:
- Natural
Birth rate and death rate
- Non-natural
Migration / net migration
Net migration: comparing immigration and emigration; difference between
immigration by emigration
Net inward migration will increase the working population of the economy,
but may pressure government financing as demand for housing, education
and welfare increase.
Net outward migration may increase the income per capita - if the emigrant
send money to families back home - and thus the HDI, but can result in the
loss of skilled workers
Reasons for different birth rates:
- Living standards
If healthcare is good there will be higher living standards as people within the
country will be healthier
- Contraception
Temporary: pills
Permanent: Surgery
- Customs and religion
Based on a family’s beliefs
- Changes in female employment
More females working, less chance of kids
, - Marriage
More people get married, more chance of kids
Reasons for different death rates:
- Living standards
- Medical advances and health care
- Natural disasters and wars
Reasons for different net migration:
- Living standards
People want to leave a country with low living standards, and move to a
country with higher living standards
- Employment/wages
More job opportunities in other countries
- Climate
Will move to places with good climate (for farmers maybe)
Population structure
● Age distribution
The number of people in each age-group
● Gender distribution
The balance of males and females
● Geographic distribution
Where people live
● Occupational distribution
What jobs people work in
Consequences of an ageing population;
● Workforce will decline, more dependent on the tax-paying population to fund
the welfare of old people. (younger people working)
● Not able to be involved in the labour force if they're old, and will affect the
productivity
● Increased demand for products for old people, including healthcare
