SCIENCE POINTERS
REAL SYLLABUS
BIOLOGY
COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
NERVOUS CONTROL IN HUMAN
Syllabus
1. Describe a nerve impulse as an electrical signal that passes along nerve cells
called neurones
, 2. Describe the human nervous system in terms of:
– the central nervous system consisting of brain and spinal cord
– the peripheral nervous system – coordination and regulation of body
functions
3. Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary actions
4. Identify motor (effector), relay (connector) and sensory neurones from
diagrams
5. Describe a simple reflex arc in terms of receptor, sensory neurone, relay
neurone, motor neurones and effector
6. Describe a reflex action as a means of automatically and rapidly integrating
and coordinating stimuli with the responses of effectors (muscles and glands)
1. Sensitivity
● Sensitivity: the ability of an organism to detect and respond to stimulus
● Stimulus: a change in the environment
● Response: an organism’s reaction to a stimulus
● Nerve: bundle of nerve cell to transfer electric signalsNeurone: a nerve
cell; sensory, relay & motor neurons
Example of a response to stimuli
Human nervous system
● Central Nervous System (CNS): consists of brain and spinal column
● Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): all the nerves that are not part of the central
nervous system
A stimulus is any factor in the environment (light, temperature, etc.) or inside your body
(blood sugar, blood water potential, etc.) that changes.
,Role of Nervous System:
→ Allow organisms to detect changes in their surroundings and respond to it
→ Enables the coordination of the different parts of the body
Types of neurons:
● Sensory neurons
● Relay neurons
● Motor neurons
Structure of a Neuron
→ Information gathered by receptors
→ Information converted to electrical signals (nerve impulses)
→ Nerve impulse transmitted by PNS to CNS
→ Brain process based on pattern of nerve impulses
Reflex Actions
→ An immediate response to a specific stimulus without conscious control
● Involuntary Actions: automatic activities that are not controlled consciously
● Voluntary Actions: activities that are controlled consciously
, Reflex Arc
REAL SYLLABUS
BIOLOGY
COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
NERVOUS CONTROL IN HUMAN
Syllabus
1. Describe a nerve impulse as an electrical signal that passes along nerve cells
called neurones
, 2. Describe the human nervous system in terms of:
– the central nervous system consisting of brain and spinal cord
– the peripheral nervous system – coordination and regulation of body
functions
3. Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary actions
4. Identify motor (effector), relay (connector) and sensory neurones from
diagrams
5. Describe a simple reflex arc in terms of receptor, sensory neurone, relay
neurone, motor neurones and effector
6. Describe a reflex action as a means of automatically and rapidly integrating
and coordinating stimuli with the responses of effectors (muscles and glands)
1. Sensitivity
● Sensitivity: the ability of an organism to detect and respond to stimulus
● Stimulus: a change in the environment
● Response: an organism’s reaction to a stimulus
● Nerve: bundle of nerve cell to transfer electric signalsNeurone: a nerve
cell; sensory, relay & motor neurons
Example of a response to stimuli
Human nervous system
● Central Nervous System (CNS): consists of brain and spinal column
● Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): all the nerves that are not part of the central
nervous system
A stimulus is any factor in the environment (light, temperature, etc.) or inside your body
(blood sugar, blood water potential, etc.) that changes.
,Role of Nervous System:
→ Allow organisms to detect changes in their surroundings and respond to it
→ Enables the coordination of the different parts of the body
Types of neurons:
● Sensory neurons
● Relay neurons
● Motor neurons
Structure of a Neuron
→ Information gathered by receptors
→ Information converted to electrical signals (nerve impulses)
→ Nerve impulse transmitted by PNS to CNS
→ Brain process based on pattern of nerve impulses
Reflex Actions
→ An immediate response to a specific stimulus without conscious control
● Involuntary Actions: automatic activities that are not controlled consciously
● Voluntary Actions: activities that are controlled consciously
, Reflex Arc
